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Free Trade Agreements: New Zealand's Experience in the Asia-Pacific Region

自由貿易協定:紐西蘭在亞太地區的經驗

摘要


2007年11月底在本文撰寫之際,杜哈回合(Doha round)的多邊貿易協商似乎又再度陷入困境。任何解決都將至少要再拖一年。尤其是在農業補貼(subsidies)與關稅減讓方面僅有極爲有限的進展,而非農業市場開放(nonagricultural market access, NAMA)的協商也面臨重大瓶頸。之所以陷入困境的原因眾所周知,勿須在此贅述。其中最重要的原因是自杜哈回合(Uruguay Round)結束與1995年世界貿易組織(WTO)成立後,WTO內部的政治平衡發生重大的轉變。如中國現在是世界最大的經濟體之一與首屈一指的出口大國,但直到2001年12月中國才加入WTO。中國的入世以及其他崛起的主要新興經濟體如印度與巴西逐漸形成發展中國家聯盟意味著主要的已開發國家已不再能夠主控國際貿易的條件與強將他們閉門商議的結果到其他的國家。 本文將首先就自由貿易協定做簡短評論,然後深入剖析紐西蘭的雙邊自由貿易協定的談判經驗,尤其聚焦於包括目前正在進行中的紐中FTA在內的與亞太各國的FTA協商。紐西蘭的地位有些特殊,因爲紐國是個小國,既無政治力量又無經濟力量可迫使其貿易伙伴接受其談判立場。而且,紐西蘭主要出口產品爲初級商品,尤其是各出口市場傾向高度保護的農產品。因此,紐西蘭的觀點與FTA協商的經驗多多少少堪稱不尋常,且可作爲這類協商的有用的個案研究。

並列摘要


After an initial comment on Free Trade Agreements (FTAs1) this paper will discuss New Zealand's experience in negotiating bilateral trade agreements with a particular focus on those FTAs with other countries in the Asia-Pacific region including the proposed FTA currently being negotiated with China. The New Zealand position is somewhat unusual in that New Zealand is a relatively small country and has neither the political or economic strength to impose its negotiating position on its trade partners. Moreover New Zealand exports remain dominated by primary products and particularly agricultural products, products that tend to be highly protected in export markets. For this reason the New Zealand's perspective and experience in negotiating FTAs is somewhat unusual and provides a useful case study of such negotiations.

並列關鍵字

New Zealand China FTA Asia Pacific WTO

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