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未成年人侵權責任研究

On the Liability of Infringement by Minors

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摘要


本文對於未成年入侵權責任問題進行了系統研究,在比較各國或地區不同立法例的基礎上,對於未成年人侵權責任的確定提出如下建議:責任能力年齡(十四歲)以下的未成年人一概無責任能力,不承擔責任,由其監護人獨立承擔無過錯責任。但如果行爲所引起的損害是成年人都可以免責的監護人亦不負責任。責任能力年齡以上的未成年人,行爲時無識別能力的,視同責任能力年齡以下的未成年人:行爲時有識別能力的,在識別能力範圍內,未成年人與監護人承擔連帶責任,監護人享有全額追償權。如果要求未成年人或監護人全額賠償有失公平的,可將數額適當削減。如果對損害,未成年人、監護人均可免責的,但對受害人不予補償又有失公平,可責令未成年人或監護人承擔公平責任。

並列摘要


This article makes a systematic research on infringement by minors based on comparison between legislations of various countries and areas, and makes the following suggestions on definition of infringement by minors: strict liability shall be found in the guardian where the minor he or she guards is under the statutory age of capacity for civil liability (14), except the infringement constitutes exception of liability even for adults. Otherwise, liability shall be attributed to the minor and/or the guardian in light of the consciousness of conduct on the part of the offender.

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