定型化保險契約解釋之前瞻－以實務見解及比較法上之觀察為中心

The Perspective of Insurance Standard-Form Contract Interpretation

林琮達(Tsung-Da Lin)

《財產法暨經濟法》 29期 (2012/03) Pp. 119-165

https://doi.org/10.29825/PELJ.201203.0004

摘要

保險為現代個人或企業分散危險之重要機制。然因現代保險業專業、技術與複雜化之發展，被保險人難以了解保險業運作與保險契約條款內容，致使過往對保險人資訊不對稱之情況，已轉變為對被保險人資訊不對稱之情況。為解決此等困境，保障被保險人之權益，應對保險契約為妥適之解釋。傳統之契約解釋方式，於保險契約亦有其適用。然基於保險之特性，保險契約發展出特殊解釋原則，如疑義作有利於被保險人解釋原則。於美國法下，則發展出被保險人合理期待原則。被保險人合理期待原則於我國法院實務早年並未予以接納，然考察近年實務判決已有相當之改變。本文即針對於定型化保險契約解釋之發展加以回顧，並提出現行法制在未來應有之脈動的相關立法論及解釋論等建議。

關鍵字

保險 ； 定型化保險契約解釋 ； 資訊不對稱 ； 疑義作有利於被保險人解釋 ； 被保險人合理期待原則

並列摘要

The most important mechanism of the insurance for the individual and the enterprise is risk transfer and distribution. It is because that the professional, technical and complicated development for the insurance business, the contents of insurance contracts are lengthy and strewn with concepts that are difficult for a non-professional to understand. To resolve this dilemma and protect the interests of the insured, the insurance contract should be the most favorable to the insured. Customarily, principles of interpretation that apply to contract law generally apply to insurance law as well. However, due to the unique characteristic of the insurance, the special form of the interpretation has been developed, such as the doctrine of interpretation against the drafter. The doctrine of reasonable expectations of the insured in United States has been also developed. In the early days, the doctrine of reasonable expectations of the insured is not well accepted by Taiwan judicial practice. But there is some changes in the recent years. This paper discusses the development of the insurance standard-form contract interpretation in Taiwanese judicial decisions and has some recommendations in the end.

並列關鍵字

Insurance ； the interpretation of insurance standard-form contract ； information asymmetry ； doctrine of interpretation against the drafter ； doctrine of reasonable expectations of the insured