協議價購機制之研究－土地徵收程序中公益追求與私益侵害之緩衝器

A Study on the Price Negotiation Mechanism - The Buffer for the Persuasion of Public Benefits and Loss of Private Benefits in Land Expropriation Procedures

李進建(Lee Ching Chien) ； 林俊銘(Junn Ming Lin)

《財產法暨經濟法》 43期 (2015/09) Pp. 43-94

摘要

我國憲法對人民「財產權」的保障，係以不動產(尤其是土地)所有權為核心內涵，並向外延伸。人民依法取得的土地所有權，雖受到憲法及法律的保障，但同時也須受法律的限制。過去我國有關土地徵收之規定，由於法規疊床架屋，頗有窒礙難行之處。2000年土地徵收條例制定時，於第11條定中，訂有關於「協議價購」的特色規定，欲藉由協議價購機制，降低被徵收土地所有權人因土地被國家強制剝奪所引發的抗爭，達到保障私人財庫的立法目的，但最後卻仍然以雙輸的局面收場。本文依序探討土地徵收程序中的協議價購機制、協議價購機制購納入土地徵收法制的立法背景、協議價購機制納入徵收法制所欲達成之境界和衝突之處，以及協議價購行為的法律性質等，並提出個人的見解。土地是人民賴以為生的最重要財產權，國家如為公益需要，唯有與人民對等協商，達成一致協議，取得需用土地，才是根本解決民怨之道。協議價格或徵收補償價格，並不是問題之所在。所以，本文以為解決協議價購問題癥結，是在徹底改善作「協議」本身的缺失，而不是在「價購」金額的高低。

關鍵字

土地徵收 ； 協議價購 ； 法律經濟分析法 ； 財產法則 ； 補償法則

並列摘要

In the Constitution of the Republic of China, the protection of people's property rights lies mainly in the ownership of real estate (especially the lands), from where the concept extends. In spite of being protected by law, land ownership acquired by people according to law shall also be restricted by law simultaneously. Due to needless repetitions in law, our nation's land expropriation regulations suffered from difficulties in terms of implementation in the past. When the Land Expropriation Act was stipulated in 2000, the characteristic provision concerning ＂price negotiation＂ was included in Article 11, aiming to reduce the number of fights triggered by forced land expropriation and protecting private assets through the price negotiation mechanism. Nevertheless, it ended to a lose-lose situation. This Article will discuss the price negotiation mechanism in land expropriation procedures, legislative background of including the price negotiation mechanism in the land expropriation legal system, purpose and conflicts of including the price negotiation mechanism in the expropriation legal system, and legal nature of price negotiation behavior in order; and provide personal opinions. Land is the most important asset that people rely on to live. Where a nation has a need for lands due to public benefits, it shall negotiate with its people in an equal position and acquire the land based on a mutual agreement to prevent popular discontent. The negotiated price or expropriation compensation price is not the core of issue. Therefore, the paper aims to deliver the idea that we shall make a total improvement on the failing of ＂negotiation＂ to solve the crux of the problem, instead of negotiating the amount of ＂price＂.

並列關鍵字

land expropriation ； price negotiation ； economic analysis of law ； Property Rules ； Liability Rules