日本自衛隊與憲法關係之探討

「自衛隊是否違憲？」是日本防衛政策的重大爭論點。雖然日本國憲法明文規定日本不保持陸海空及其他戰力。但是自從日本再武裝以來，日本的防衛力便與一般國家的軍隊無異。日本政府雖然透過憲法解釋賦予自衛隊合法性，卻無法平息違憲的爭議。自衛隊問題也因此一直成為修憲的重要爭論點。今日的自衛隊在亞太安全事務上的角色日益重要，而在近年來的修憲運動中，日本政府如何因應自衛隊問題亦成為國際矚目的焦點。為了對此問題進行系統性的瞭解，本文擬將核心置於自衛隊與憲法的關係，探討以下二個主題：第一，分析日本政府對於自衛隊憲法解釋的變遷與特徵；第二，探討在修憲的論調中，執政黨、在野黨，以及民意對於修改憲法與憲法第九條的態度。

關鍵字

日本自衛隊；日本防衛政策；日本憲法

並列摘要

Whether the Japanese Self-Defense Forces is against the Japanese Constitution is a controversial issue on Japan's defense policy. Though the Japanese Constitution states that the country won't maintain the army, navy and air force as well as other forms of armed forces, however, ever since Japan is rearmed, the military force of the country is equal to that of other ordinary countries. Despite the fact that the Japanese Self-Defense Forces is empowered by Japanese government, the legitimacy is still challenged. The issue has been the dispute of the amendment of the Japanese Constitution. With the promotion of the US-Japan Defense Cooperation, the Japanese Self-Defense Forces plays a more important role on Asian security affairs. In the process of the amendment of the Constitution, how Japanese government deals with the problem arising from the Japanese Self-Defense Forces has become the international focus. To explore the problem systematically, the study will center on the relationship between the Japanese Self-Defense Forces and the Constitution and then discuss the following two issues. First, the study will analyze the explanation from Japanese government about the transition and characteristics of the Japanese Self-Defense Forces. The second issue focuses on different attitudes toward Article Nine of the Constitution from the Government Party, the opposition party and public opinions.