水中運動對於改善第二型糖尿病之應用

Application of Aquatic Exercise for Improving the Type II Diabetes

張建淳(Chien-Chun Chang) ； 黃文經(Wen-Ching Huang) ； 李麗珍(Li-Chen Lee)

《運動知識學報》 13期 (2016/07) Pp. 56-67

摘要

糖尿病為複雜綜合的慢性代謝疾病，目前仍舊是全球性社會醫療與健康所關注的重要議題之一。糖尿病症除了有過高的血糖濃度及明顯的尿糖之外，視發病之嚴重程度與進程，都會引起許多不可忽視的併發症，例如：視網膜病變、腎病變、神經病變乃至於腦部及全身循環系統的障礙。因此如何控制血糖，使血糖調節在更健康的濃度範圍區間，或降低併發症的發生率，已成為控制糖尿病的重要方針之一。截至目前為止，糖尿病的治療策略基本上有三大方向，分別是：(1)藥物療法、(2)飲食療法、(3)運動療法。其中如何透過正確的運動介入來輔助藥物或飲食控制，達到有效改善第II型糖尿病的目標，逐漸受到一般大眾所接受與重視。因此，何種有效運動方式的介入，才是對糖尿病具有改善的效果，為我們從事運動相關工作或科研發展人員必須協助建立的任務。水中運動是透過浮力原理減少關節負重應力的原理，可以結合各式功能訓練來減輕重力負荷，故具有協助糖尿病患者在水中可達到較高的運動強度和伸展範圍來達到運動改善健康的功能。而透過水中運動指導則可更容易完成不同運動組合和強度設計之課程，對於參與者在運動成就感與持續性方面能有有所提升的效果。此外，當糖尿病患者可能因為體重過重或肥胖、骨骼肌肉伸展限制性以及中高齡階段會畏懼跌倒等狀況，都會影響陸上有氧或是阻力訓練介入持續的時間與執行的成效，故可透過推廣水中運動來增加不同運動處方的完成度，來達成改善糖尿病相關症狀或併發症的效果。

關鍵字

水中運動 ； 糖尿病

並列摘要

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is complicated and chronic metabolic diseases. Currently, it remains one of the major global issues for social medicine and health systems. The indications of DM are the glycaemia and glycosuria and also result in inevitable complications, depending on the severity and progression. The DM complications include retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, CNS (central nervous system) and circulatory system dysfunctions. Therefore, how to regulate the glycaemia has become an important approach to control DM and also decrease the potential risks/incidences for other complications. So far, there are three strategies, including medications, diet control, and exercise, for DM therapy. The regular exercise, combined with medications and diet control, could effectively improve the DM progression. Therefore, the effective exercise programs should be developed by sport scientist for suitable populations. Aquatic exercise could integrate different functional training for higher exercise intensities or types because of joint stress release and also enhanced the participant's achievement and persistence for health elevation. In additions, the effectiveness or interventions of aerobic and resistance training on shore could be interfered or reduced by DM participants' overweight, obesity, muscular stretching restriction, and fall fear. The aquatic exercise could be an ideal intervention type for completion of effective exercise prescriptions to achieve improvement of symptoms or complications associated with DM.

並列關鍵字

Aquatic exercise ； Diabetes