運動對失智症患者認知表現之探討

A Study on the Cognitive Performance of Sports for Patients with Dementia

蕭耀燦(Yiu-Chan Shiu) ； 呂欣善(Shin-Shan Lu)

《運動知識學報》 18期 (2021/07) Pp. 1-10

摘要

失智症（Dementia），為一種慢性、持續退化性的腦部疾病，是一個不可逆的過程，造成記憶力及其它神經功能減退。短期記憶的喪失是老年人的一個普遍問題。從正常認知進展到失智有一個過渡期，其中輕度認知障礙（Mild Cognition Impairment, MCI）可能是失智症的早期階段。MCI最初症狀是容易忘記最近的事件，有時說話不連貫。身體的功能也逐漸出現退化現象，如體能、行走、平衡等。到目前為止，還沒有藥物可以阻止或逆轉失智症的進程。因此，非藥物治療已成為當今預防失智症的最重要方法，希望患者會由此階段回復到正常的認知功能，眾多研究表示，規律性運動，包括有氧運動（Aerobic Exercise）、阻力運動（Resistance Exercise），可以改善MCI的症狀，減緩認知退化，延緩失智症的發生。從文獻回顧角度搜尋PubMed和Google scholar等資料庫，以關鍵字失智症、輕度認知障礙、認知功能、有氧運動、阻力運動等，搜尋27篇關於運動訓練、失智症防治、神經認知功能等相關文獻；包含：病例對照研究、系統回顧分析、隨機臨床對照試驗。探討運動介入對失智症的影響，對於預防認知功能下降，提升生活品質的助益，進一步提出運動對失智症患者的運動處方的建議。

關鍵字

失智症 ； 輕度認知障礙 ； 認知功能 ； 有氧運動 ； 阻力運動

並列摘要

Dementia, a chronic and persistent degenerative brain disease, is an irreversible process that causes memory and other neurological deficits. The loss of short-term memory is a common problem among the elderly. There is a transitional period from normal cognitive progress to dementia, and Mild Cognition Impairment (MCI) may be the early stage of dementia. The initial symptom of MCI is that it is easy to forget about recent events, sometimes speaking incoherently. In addition, the body's functions are gradually degraded, such as physical fitness, walking, and balance. So far, there are no drugs that can prevent or reverse the process of dementia. Therefore, non-pharmacological treatment has become the most important method for preventing dementia today, that is, starting from the initial stage of MCI, hoping that patients will return to normal cognitive function from this stage. Fortunately, many studies have shown that regular exercise includes aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can improve the symptoms of MCI, slow down cognitive deterioration, and thus improve the quality of life, thereby delaying the occurrence of dementia. Searching PubMed and Google scholar database from the perspective of literature review, search for 27 articles about sports training, dementia prevention and treatment, neurocognition with keywords such as dementia, mild cognitive impairment, cognitive function, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, etc. Functions and other related documents; including: case-control studies, systematic review analysis, randomized clinical controlled trials. Explore the impact of exercise intervention on dementia, help prevent cognitive function decline and improve the quality of life, and further propose exercise prescriptions for patients with dementia.

並列關鍵字

Dementia ； Mild Cognition Impairment ； Cognitive Function ； Aerobic Exercise ； Resistance Exercise