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Preliminary Study of Semi-synthetic Artificial Diet for the Idea leuconoe clara (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
大白斑蝶（Idea leucinie clara（Butler））（鱗翅目：蛺蝶科）的半合成人工飼料初探
摘要
本研究在研發大白斑蝶（Idea leuconoe clara (Butler)）的半合成人工飼料，並以天然食草爬森藤（Parsonia laevigata (Moon) Alston）葉片飼育為對照組，探討此人工飼料飼育本蝶種的可行性。試驗採用單隻飼育的方式，置於25 ± 1℃、80 ± 5% RH、14 L：10D條件的生長箱內，分別以半合成人工飼料及天然食草爬森藤葉片，餵飼剛孵化的幼蟲至羽化為成蝶。由試驗結果顯示，剛孵化的一齡幼蟲生長發育至羽化成蝶的存活率，飼料組為58.3 %較葉片飼養的78.3 %低；平均發育日數，飼料組為47.15 ± 0.29日，較葉片組的36.40 ± 0.28日長約10.7日，因此，以人工飼料飼育的各蟲期存活率較低且所需發育日數較長。第一至第四齡幼蟲的頭殼寬度，飼料組皆小於葉片組，且兩組間皆有顯著性5差異，但至第五齡幼蟲兩組間則幾乎相同，可知本蝶種幼蟲頭殼寬度超過4.11 mm的閥值，即可進入化蛹階段。兩組的幼蟲頭殼寬度皆隨齡期以約1.5倍等比增加，符合戴爾法則。雖然飼料組有高達60%成蟲翅膀皺縮，無法正常飛翔，但在外型及翅膀顏色方面，兩組並無差異，而人工飼料組中翅膀正常的成蝶均可正常飛翔、交尾和繁殖後代的能力。由此可知，本試驗以半合成人工飼料餵飼大白斑蝶的試驗結果，顯示飼料組仍有一些生物特性表現不如葉片組，但飼養之幼蟲至成蝶存活率可達58.3%，故用此半合成人工飼料飼育本蝶種確實可行，唯此人工飼料的配方仍有些缺點，需待日後再研究改進。
並列摘要
In this paper, We emphasized on the research and development of the semi-synthetic artificial diet for the giant danaine butterfly, Idea leuconoe clara (Butler). Our experiment involved feeding the larvae leaves of host plant, Helicoid-stamenal Parsonia, Parsonia laevigata (Moon) Alston, as control group, and fed the artificial diet as experimental group, In order to study the feasibility of rearing this species with the artificial diet, we reared giant danaine butterfly individually and kept them in the growth chamber with a temperature of 25±1℃, a humidity of 80±5 % RH, and a photoperiod of 14L: 10D as the controlled conditions. Hatching larvae were individually reared with either the semi-synthetic artificial diet or the leaves of Helicoid-stamenal Parsonia until adult emergence. The survival rate of the experimental group, from the first instar larvae of new hatching to became adults, was 58.3%, which was less than the control group 78.3%. The average developmental period of the experimental group, from the first instar larvae of new hatching to became adults, was 10.7 days longer than those of the control group-that is, 47.15 ± 0.29 and 36.40 ± 0.28 days, respectively. This butterfly species, reared with the artificial diet, had a lower survival rate during every life stage and had a longer developmental period. The width of the head capsule in the experimental group from those of the first instar to the fourth instar larvae was smaller than those of the control group, and the differences between the various instars from the two groups were all significant. However, the head capsule's width of the two groups, in the fifth instar larvae, was the same. Therefore, the threshold value of head capsule's width for the larva's development to pupa was above 4.11 mm. The increment of the head capsule's width of the larva was in accordance with the increase in the larval instar stage; it maintained a ratio of 1.5 times. The experiment with this species accorded with Dyar's law. Though up to 60% of the adult wings from the experimental group were creased and unable to fly normally, the appearance and wing color of both groups had no difference. Those adults, from the experimental group, that had normal wings could fly normally. They had mating and reproductive capability. Though some of the biological characteristics of the giant danaine butterfly were lower than those of the control group, the experiment reared adults, from the experimental group, that had a survival rate of over 58.3%. As a result, rearing the giant danaine butterfly with the artificial diet is feasible, but the diet still has some shortcomings that need to be studied and improved in the future.