國產酪梨有機酸、葉黃素、α-生育酚及D-甘露庚酮糖含量分析

Analysis of Organic Acid, Lutein, α-Tocopherol and D-mannoheptulose Contents in Domestic Avocado

劉耕宏(Keng-Hung Liu) ； 石正中(Jeng-Jung Shyr)

《宜蘭大學生物資源學刊》 11卷 (2015/12) Pp. 1-11

https://doi.org/10.6175/job.2015.11.11

摘要

本研究針對台灣國產酪梨(Persea americana Mill.)品種，暸解不同品種果肉中有機酸(organic acid)、葉黃素(lutein)、α-生育醇(α-tocopherol)及D-甘露庚酮糖(D-mannoheptulose)含量，並比較後熟對D-甘露庚酮糖含量之影響，以瞭解國產酪梨品種間營養成分之差異，來提昇國人對國產酪梨營養之認識。本研究使用嘉義縣竹崎鄉沈姓果農果園所生產之‘章安’、‘清進一號’、‘秋可’、‘厚兒’、‘嘉選三號’以及‘麻豆普’等六個品種。酪梨品種間果肉有機酸的總有機酸含量為1475~572 μg/g，以‘厚兒’的含量最高。各有機酸包括半乳糖醛酸、酒石酸、蘋果酸、檸檬酸、與延胡索酸含量，分別為268~99、230~130、573~79、683~193、與27~5 μg/g。蘋果酸與延胡索酸含量皆以‘厚兒’最高，半乳糖醛酸以‘清進一號’含量最高，酒石酸與檸檬酸含量含量，皆以‘嘉選三號’含量最高。葉黃素含量介於5.34~1.94 μg/g之間，‘嘉選三號’含量最高。α-生育酚含量介於80.9~19.3 μg/g之間，‘麻豆普’含量最高。D-甘露庚酮糖含量未後熟者介於41.5~11.8mg/g之間，‘秋可’含量最高；後熟介於27.1~9.5 mg/g之間，‘麻豆普’含量最高。後熟過程造成各品種酪梨果中D-甘露庚酮糖含量降低，平均損失達14.0％~45.8％。

關鍵字

酪梨 ； 有機酸 ； 葉黃素 ； α-生育酚 ； D-甘露庚酮糖

並列摘要

Content of organic acids, lutein, α-tocopherol and D-mannoheptulose in the mesocarp of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruits were analyzed. The differences among cultivars and the effect of ripening on the content of D-mannoheptulose were investigated in order to set up the basic nutrient data of domestic avocados. Six avocado cultivars including, ‘Ching Jin No.1’, ‘Zhang an’, ‘Choquette’, ‘Hall’, ‘CASE3’ and ‘Madoupu’ avocado were harvested from Jhu-ci area, Chiayi County. Results showed that in ripe mesocarp of avocado, the contents of organic acid are 1475~572 μg/g among cultivars. Contents of galaturonic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid are 268~98.9, 230~130, 573~79.1, 683~193, and 5.28~27.0 μg/g respectively. The content of lutein is from 5.34 to 1.94 μg/g. There is more lutein in ‘CASE3’ than in others. The content of α-tocopherol is from 80.9 to 19.3 μg/g. ‘Madoupu’ contents the highest α-tocopherol among six cultivars. In unripe avocado flesh, the content of D-mannoheptulose is from 41.5 to 11.8 mg/g and ‘Choquette’ has the highest content. Ripe fruits content 27.1~9.50 mg/g of D-mannoheptulose and ‘Madoupu’ has the highest content among six cultivars.

並列關鍵字

avocado ； organic acid ； lutein ； α-tocopherol ； D-mannoheptulose