雲林地區春作落花生有機栽培之病蟲害整合管理

Integrated Management of Diseases and Insect Pests for Organic Cultivation of Peanut, Arachis hypogaea (L.) in Spring Cropping in Yunlin County, Taiwan

陳建儒(Chien-Ju Chen) ； 黃啟鐘(Chi-Chung Huang)

《宜蘭大學生物資源學刊》 16卷 (2020/12) Pp. 63-82

https://doi.org/10.6175/job.202012_16.0005

摘要

在雲林縣水林鄉實施春作落花生（Arachis hypogaea）有機栽培之病蟲害整合管理，以台南9、14及18號品種為試驗植材。試驗田劃分整合管理與對照區。在兩試驗小區以黃色黏紙誘得主要害蟲成蟲高峰期及其棲群密度，分別為葉蟬科（Cicadellidae）害蟲於4月下旬，達61.4與48.5隻／片；薊馬科（Thripidae）害蟲於4月下旬，達26.5與34.9隻／片；粉蝨科（Aleyrodidae）害蟲於5月中旬，達33.2與27.8隻／片。在兩試驗小區以黃色黏紙誘得捕食與寄生性天敵成蟲高峰期及其棲群密度，分別為瓢蟲科（Coccinellidae）捕食性天敵於5月中旬與3月下旬，達2.3與2.2隻／片；小繭蜂科（Braconidae）寄生蜂於3月下旬與4月下旬，達1.5與4.3隻／片。兩試驗小區以斜紋夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）性費洛蒙中改式誘蟲器，誘得雄蟲高峰期及其棲群密度，分別於5月中旬，達52.0與95.0隻／支；另外，甜菜夜蛾（S. exigua）誘得雄蟲高峰期及其棲群密度，分別為4月中旬與3月下旬，達298.0與434.0隻／支。從春作落花生收穫期（播種後第4個月）之莢果黑斑病（Fusarium solani; Pythium myriotylum; Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium solani）與白絹病（Sclerotium rolfsii），以台南18號品種在整合管理區之罹病率最低，分別為25.7與0%；而其產量以整合管理區台南18號品種最佳，且兩試驗小區達顯著水準。

關鍵字

雲林地區 ； 春作 ； 落花生 ； 有機栽培 ； 整合管理 ； 病蟲害

並列摘要

Three varieties of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), TN9, TN14 and TN18 in spring cropping, were planted at Shuilin township, Yunlin County in the way of the integrated management for diseases and insect pests. The experimental field was divided into the integrated management and control plots. By using yellow sticky papers in both integrated management and control plots, the results showed that the peak period of Cicadellidae insect pests of two plots were both in late-April, and the number adults were respectively 61.4 and 48.5/paper. The peak periods of for the Thripidae insect pests, the peak periods were both in late-April, and the number of adults were respectively 26.5 and 34.9/paper. Aleyrodidae insect pests from the two plots were in mid-May, and the number of adults were respectively 33.2 and 27.8/paper. In the two plots, yellow sticky papers were used to investigate the peak periods of natural enemies, and it was found that the numbers of Coccinellidae predators were respectively 2.3 and 2.2/paper in mid-May and late-March, The numbers of Braconidae parasitoids were respectively 1.5 and 4.3/paper in late-March. By using sex pheromone-baited traps of Spodoptera litura in both plots, the results showed that the peak periods were both in early-May, and the number adults were respectively 52.0 and 95/trap; S. exigua in both plots, the results showed that the peak periods were both in mid-April and late-March, and the number adults were respectively 298.0 and 434.0/trap. As for harvesting of peanut (4 months of growing) in spring cropping, the infecting rates of pod rot disease (Fusarium solani; Pythium myriotylum; Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium solani) and southern blight disease (Sclerotium rolfsii) of peanut on TNG 18 variety in integrated management plot, and the damaged pods was lowest, which were respectively 25.7 and 0%. TN18 variety had significantly yield in the two plots, and the TN18 variety in the integrated management plot had the best grain yield.

並列關鍵字

Yunlin County ； spring cropping ； Arachis hypogaea ； organic cultivation ； integrated management ； diseases and insect pests