餐旅科系大專生英語成就與正向錯覺及自我效能的關係：自我顯揚偏誤的啟發

Positive Illusions, Self-efficacy and English Achievements among Hospitality College Students: An Implication from Self-Enhancement Bias

林碧嬌(Bin-Jiau Lin) ； 邱文彬(Wen-Bin Chiou)

《餐旅暨家政學刊》 4卷1期 (2007/03) Pp. 21-35

https://doi.org/10.6572/JHHE.4(1).2

摘要

餐旅觀光科系非常重視學生外語能力的培養，但是，除了加強英語教學方法外，如果能夠在教學的過程中，注意學習者的心理因素，將會有較佳的學習效果。自我效能論認為個體對於工作表現的信心水準愈高，則未來成就愈好。然而，過去已有許多研究指出，對於未來成就或表現的過度高估，可能是一種自我顯揚偏誤的正向錯覺。本研究以283位餐旅科系的二專新生為樣本，採取縱貫性研究探討餐旅大專生英語自我效能與正向錯覺的關係，並進一步檢驗正向錯覺與後續英 語成就的關係。結果發現自我效能與正向錯覺為低度負相關，進一步分析指出低 自我效能者的正向錯覺顯著高於高自我效能者。正向錯覺者對於未來英語成就的預估高於無正向錯覺者，並且正向錯覺者在後續第二、第三次的大專英語成就測驗表現較無正向錯覺者低，正向錯覺對於後續英語成就的負面效應在低自我效能者身上更為顯著。綜合研究發現，正向錯覺與高估未來表現有明顯關聯，低自我效能者不僅較易啟動正向錯覺的自我顯揚機制，長期而言，正向錯覺對於實際英語成就有不利的影響，研究結果將提供餐旅觀光科系的教師們，實施英語教學時重要的啟示。

關鍵字

正向錯覺 ； 自我效能 ； 英語成就

並列摘要

It is very important among Hospitality and Tourism College to enhance students' English abilities. Besides appropriate teaching methods, students' learning psychology is also an important factor of learning efficiency. According to Self-efficacy theory, individuals with higher confidence of future task performances actually perform better. Past researches demonstrate that overestimation of future achievements might induce the so-called positive illusions, which serves as one kind of self-enhancement bias. 283 hospitality freshmen participated in a longitudinal study. This research aims to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and positive illusions as well as the impact of positive illusions on subsequent College Students English Proficiency Test. Results show that self-efficacy is negatively correlated with positive illusions and the positive illusions of students with lower self-efficacy are significantly higher than those with higher self-efficacy. The expected performances on future English achievements of individuals with positive illusions are higher than those without positive illusions, but their actual achievements are lower in the second and the third English achievement tests. Furthermore, the negative impact of positive illusions on subsequent English achievements is more pronounced in individuals with lower self-efficacy. It is concluded that overestimated self-performances are associated with positive illusions and individuals with lower self-efficacy are more likely to activate self-enhancement mechanism with positive illusions. Further, the impact of positive illusions on English achievements might only be adaptive in the short term but maladaptive in the long term. This research is expected to help teachers of department of hospitality or tourism teaches English more efficiently.

並列關鍵字

English achievements ； positive illusions ； self-efficacy