實車側面撞擊事故之人體損傷分析

An Injury Analysis of Occupants in Side-Impact Collisions

鄧作樑(Tso-Liang Teng) ； 吳建勳(Chien-Hsun Wu) ； 王尚文(Shang-Wen Wang)

《科學與工程技術期刊》 2卷1期 (2006/03) Pp. 33-41

https://doi.org/10.7117/JSET.200603.0033

摘要

車禍事故導致乘客死亡或受傷已造成國家與人民重大的經濟負擔及社會成本，故車輛安全為各大車廠與消費者所關心之議題；依據統計分析，側面碰撞車禍所佔比例僅次於正面碰撞車禍所佔的比例，各大車廠與相關研究機構無不投入許多人力、物力、財力來設計或研發各式各樣的車體結構與安全配備；如側邊防撞鋼樑、側邊防護氣囊…等等的設計，均是以降低人體在車禍事故中的傷害程度為主要目標。探討車禍事故中人體動態反應與損傷分析是進行汽車安全設計與評估首要研究之重點，因此本論文藉由LS-DYNA3D分析程式建構模擬實車側面碰撞試驗的有限元素模型環境，依美國聯邦車輛安全法規FMVSS 214所規範的方式及程序，進行一MDB衝擊台車側面垂直碰撞一輛駕駛座具有側面碰撞人偶之實車模型，探討與分析車體側邊結構與人偶之間的碰撞關係、車體側邊結構潰縮能量的吸收與分布情形、人偶胸部損傷指標TTI與能量吸收間的關係，以為未來車體結構設計及人體安全考量之參考。同時為探討美國聯邦車輛安全法規FMVSS 214所規範的方式及程序對安全性認證之適用性，建構真實車對車駕駛邊的垂直90度與駕駛邊的偏角60度側撞事故的模型，進行分析SID模型於真實車輛撞擊環境下所導致的損傷狀況，並與台車衝擊實車環境下之人體損傷進行比較，以提供交通部相關單位制定國家車輛安全標準法規之參考。

關鍵字

側面碰撞 ； 人體損傷 ； LS-DYNA

並列摘要

Traffic accidents are considered a danger to human safety and health as well as a cause of significant loss of human life. Statistics have shown that side-impact collisions are the second most common cause of serious motor vehicle accidents after frontal impact. Injury prevention thus is useful and significant for its relationship to the well-being of individuals and families. The result has been the development of side-impact airbags, side bars, and other protective equipment. To reduce the severity of human injury through improved automobile design and designing protection devices, the dynamic response and injury of occupants in collisions must be analyzed. This study investigates the development and validation of a vehicle, movable barrier and dummy FEM model for studying interaction. Based on the USA Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 214 (FMVSS214), a numerical model of a crash test was developed to simulate a side-impact accident. The crash simulations are performed by using the LS-DYNA3D finite element code. The dynamic response of the human body to crashes is discussed. Additionally, the injuries of occupants are measured. The simulated models obtained here have potential for evaluating vehicle crash safety and guiding the future development of safety technologies. In order to verify the adaptability of the FMVSS214 in a side-impact test, the dynamic response and injury of occupants in the 9 and 10 o'clock directions of vehicle-to-vehicle crashes are analyzed. The results of the injury analysis are compared with the MDB-to-vehicle crash test. These results can be referential in establishing future vehicle safety laws.

並列關鍵字

side-impact ； injury analysis ； LS-DYNA