- 期刊
CCD攝影機安裝方式對轎車駕駛者掌握車後安全距離之影響
The Influence of CCD Position on Drivers' Perceptions of the Gap between a Passenger Car and Posterior Obstacles
摘要
我國地小車多，在都會區停車不易，在道路旁能迅速倒車、停車，甚為重要。然而，由於汽車構造會將駕駛與週遭環境阻隔，僅依靠現有車用後視鏡，駕駛對車後安全距離難以正確掌握，常會預留過大空間，需數度前進後退，才能停妥。 目前各家車廠提出之解決方案以加裝倒車雷達感測裝置與CCD(charge coupled device)攝影機為多，各廠牌裝置位置與方式不一，如何才能有效輔助駕駛者掌握車後安全距離，尚缺定論。本研究嘗試探討僅賴CCD攝影機對駕駛者掌握車後安全距離之效益與安裝位置的影響。研究採實車測試方式，分別在日間、夜間以模擬柱狀物、模擬牆壁兩種不同障礙物放於車後請受測者進行倒車測試，量測不同CCD攝影機安裝位置與拍攝角度下駕駛者所預留車後安全距離。結果顯示，相較於僅賴傳統後視鏡，CCD攝影機確實能有效協助駕駛者掌握車後安全距離。在三種安裝方式中，CCD攝影機安裝於行李箱蓋後緣朝後下方拍攝，有適當地面影像供參考時，較能有效輔助駕駛者掌握轎車與後方障礙物之間的距離，尤其對無電子輔助裝置下預留過大空間距離之駕駛者，發揮了更大的效益。至於後視影像顯示方式，以駕駛車顯現於螢幕上方，倒車時車後影像由下往上接近，較為多數受測者接受。
並列摘要
Many drivers may think it difficult to curb park a car quickly because of structurally induced blind spots around the vehicle, especially immediately behind. Although a CCD (charge coupled device) camera has been used to help drivers see the rear view and radar has been used to warn of the proximity of posterior obstacles, it would be even more beneficial if the drivers could directly see the gap between the car and the obstacles. This research employed a field test to evaluate how CCD positions influence drivers' perceptions of the gap between the car and posterior obstacles. The experiments were implemented in both the daytime and at night with three different locations of the CCD camera as well as two different kinds of obstacles. For each testing condition, the subjects were requested to drive the car backward until they thought it to be an appropriately safe distance away from the obstacle. Then the gap between the car and each obstacle was measured and analyzed. The results indicated that a CCD camera installed in the rear upper end of the trunk lid best assists the driver in maintaining the shortest safe distance from the obstacles. A significant difference between male and female subjects was observed for the shortest safe distance without using a CCD camera; however, when the camera was used, the difference became insignificant. With regard to the image on the screen, most subjects preferred a scene in which the tested car appears static on the upper portion of the screen and the obstacle being approached is viewed on the lower portion.