Otago運動對老年長者防跌效益之相關論述

The Issues of the Benefits of Otago Exercise Program for the Elderly to Prevent Falls

謝伶瑜(Ling-Yu Hsieh)

《嘉基護理》 21卷1期 (2021/06) Pp. 84-94

摘要

老化所導致的平衡衰退是老年長者發生跌倒的主要因素，而運動是提升平衡功能的最佳策略。老年長者運動指引裡提出，運動方案應綜合有氧運動、肌力訓練及伸展運動，而1997年由紐西蘭Otago大學研究團隊所發展出的Otago運動，即以肌力及平衡訓練為主，許多研究已證實透過每週3次、持續的Otago運動訓練不僅有效降低高齡長者跌倒次數，對超過80歲、體弱有跌倒史者有更顯著的防跌成效。目前我國社會大眾多已了解規律運動為預防長者跌倒之基本要素，且政府機構也推行多元化防跌運動以守護高齡者健康。然而，國內運用Otago運動作為防跌計劃仍較少見，而Otago運動方案具有容易執行、不需昂貴設備、安全性高、適合居家自主訓練之特性，因此，本文闡述Otago運動對老年長者防跌之效益，建議長照機構中專業人員能規劃以團體方式帶領Otago運動，並將Otago運動列入高齡長者日常活動以規律進行。而針對社區長者，則可充分利用Otago運動易於居家自主進行的便利性，依自身需求彈性安排運動時間，且在現今疫情流行期間，居家自主運動不失為避免群聚及阻斷疾病散播的好選擇。

關鍵字

Otago運動 ； 老年長者 ； 預防跌倒 ； 跌倒風險

並列摘要

The decline in balance caused by aging is the main cause of falls in the elderly, and exercise is the best strategy to improve balance function. The exercise guidelines for the elderly proposed that the exercise program should integrate aerobic exercise, muscle strength training and stretching exercises. In 1997, the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) developed by the research team of the University of Otago in New Zealand focuses on muscle strengthening and balance retraining program. There is good research evidence that through 3 times a week, continuous OEP training not only reduces falls for the elderly, but also had the greatest effect in those over 80 years and those with a previous fall. At present, many people in Taiwan have understood that regular exercise is the basic task of preventing falls in the elderly, and government agencies also promote diversified fall prevention exercises to protect the health of the elderly. However, OEP as a fall prevention plan in Taiwan is still rare. The OEP is easy to implement, does not require expensive equipment, high safety, and is suitable for independent training at home. Therefore, this article describes the benefits of OEP for the elderly to prevent falls. It is recommended that OEP performed as group training and should be incorporated into daily activities of the elderly in long-term care setting or community center. For the elderly in the community, the home-based design of the program allowed participants to choose preferred exercise time because of the flexibility of the program. During the current epidemic, home-based exercise is a good choice to avoid gatherings and stop the spread of diseases.

並列關鍵字

Otago exercise program ； elderly ； fall prevention ； fall risk

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