老人健康需求與長期照護觀點

A Study on Elderly Heath-Care Demands and Their Perspectives on Long-Term Care

呂源三(Yuan-San Lu) ； 莊玉嬪(Yuh-Pyn Juang) ； 詹德欽(Der-Chin Jan) ； 莊家銘(Chia-Ming Chuang) ； 洪弘昌(Hung-Chang Hung)

《台灣老年醫學雜誌》 2卷1期 (2006/08) Pp. 1-11

摘要

目的：了解雲林地區老人居家情形、經濟狀況及對健康的認知、期望與需求，罹患慢性疾病與接受診療情形，及對於長期照護的看法。
方法：本研究使用問卷調查雲林縣斗六市附近社區老人在健康與照護需求方面的實際狀況；以分層隨機抽樣，其抽取1,560筆樣本，進行當面訪談。扣除掉兩次訪問不到的樣本，共獲有效問卷1,067人。
結果：研究地區老年人口基本統計顯示：男、女性別比率為49%：51%；平均年齡72.9歲；跟子女或配偶同住者占83.8%，但獨居老年人仍高達6.2%；有66.4%沒有固定工作，且月收入10,000元以下者高達58.9%。身體健康情形與一年前相比僅20.5%感到滿意；罹患慢性疾病的比例高達81.4%；罹患慢性病的老年人，接受定期診療者占69.7%，不定期診療者占26.5%，未接受任何診療者占3.8%。罹患慢性病的老年人有34.7%到外縣市就醫。61.5%的人曾於過去一年接受健康檢查，但是仍有26.5%對免費成人健檢尚無所知。知道長期照護機構的有52.6%，但是僅有12.7%能夠分辨各項長期照護服務的差別，8.8%受訪人認為自己有長期照護服務的需求。
結論：雲林縣老年人口比率偏高且對於長期照護甚至醫療相關資訊的認知明顯不足，部分老年人對慢性疾病或健康檢查均採取較消極的心態，這方面有待健康照護提供者透過衛教或社區服務加以宣導。

關鍵字

老年人 ； 慢性疾病 ； 長期照護

並列摘要

Objectives: To understand the daily living, and economic status of the elderly dwellers, and their perceptions, expectations and demands on health care, the situation of morbidity and care of chronic conditions, and their perspectives on long-term care.
Methods: To investigate by questionnaires the actual situation of health and care demands of elderly community dwellers in Douliou City, Yunlin County. Totally 1,560 samples were obtained through random sampling and they were asked to complete the questionnaires by face-to-face interviews. Ultimate total number of effective questionnaires were 1,067 after sparing those information incomplet and of samples failing to show up for interview twice.
Results: The basic variables about elderly subjects lead to the following results: gender (male and female) ratio 49:51 and the age was 72.9 (67 to 74) years old on average; the elderly living with their family upto 83.3% and the elderly living alone was 6.2%; there were 66.4% of the elderly who did not have a stable income and 58.9% of them had a monthly income less than NT$10,000; only 20.5% of the elderly were satisfied with their current health status as comparing to their health status in the previous year; most of the elderly (81.4%) suffered from chronic condition(s); among the elderly population suffering from chronic condition(s) only 69.7% received regular medical care; 26.5% of them were irregularly cared while 3.8% of them did not receive any care; 34.7% of the elderly with chronic condition(s) sought medical care outside Yunlin County; the ratio of the elderly who had received health examination read 61.5%; there were still 26.5% of the elderly not aware of the free health examination offered by National Health Insurance program; there were 52.6% of the elderly knew about the long-term care but only 12.7% of them could tell the differences among the care/service patterns provided by long-term care facility; 8.86% of the elderly felt themselves in need of long-term care.
Conclusions: Yunlin County has a special aging population pyramid, and the medical or long-term care information was obviously still insufficient for the elderly. Some of the elderly showed a passive attitude toward chronic condition(s) and health examination. Rectification of this passive attitude requires more education and care by the health care providers. This situation needs further investigation and progressing.

並列關鍵字

elderly ； chronic disease ； long-term care