戀土、覺醒、追尋，而後棲居－台灣生態批評與自然導向文學發展的幾點再思考

Topophila, Awareness, Find the Way, and then Inhabit the Island: Rethinking Several Issues about Taiwanese Eco-Criticism and Nature Oriented

吳明益(Ming-Yi Wu)

《臺灣文學研究學報》 10期 (2010/04) Pp. 45-79

https://doi.org/10.6458/JTLS.201004.0045

摘要

做為一個自然書寫的研究者，這幾年我始終反覆思考幾個方向論述的拓展：一是對自然導向文學、自然書寫、環境書寫相關詞義的再釐清，以及對台灣相關書寫發展的變動持續關注。二是以台灣戰後小說及詩文本為對象，持續探索這些文本潛存的「自然意識」或「環境倫理觀」。三是對於特定環境或地景的書寫意涵進行探討，第四則是對原住民族漢語文學中的自然意識進行討論。本文即是對第一項議題的初步探討。本文的第一個重點將對筆者第一階段自然書寫研究中的「非虛構」與「知識性」特質，再提出解釋。並分析此時讓研究跨越散文體自然書寫的意義，而後論及跨領域研究時，生態批評者所面臨的越界挑戰。論文第二個重點聚焦於相關創作文本，以鳥瞰的方式將四十年來台灣環境與文學的互動以戀土、覺醒抵抗、對倫理的追尋摸索與對島嶼的棲居想像分為四個進程，這四個進程並非一個取代一個，每種新的進程都仍演化至今。期以本文，對個人近年一系列的研究做一奠基的論述。

關鍵字

自然書寫 ； 自然導向文學 ； 環境倫理觀 ； 文學與環境 ； 生態批評

並列摘要

To the study about nature writing in Taiwan, I have believed that for the past several years there are some areas of this field waiting to be developed. The first need is to clarify the definitions of nature-oriented writing, nature writing, and environmental writing. The second is to use Taiwanese postwar novels and poetry as research subjects and continue to explore hidden ”nature consciousness” or ”environmental ethics” in these texts. The third is to investigate meaning of writing in their specific environment and landscapes. Finally, the fourth is to discuss nature consciousness in the native Taiwanese Han language literature. This essay is a preliminary study regarding the first topic.The first issue of this essay is to clarify again the meanings of ”nonfiction” and ”knowledge” in my study on nature writing before, and then analyze why the study must be beyond the nonfiction prose essay of nature writing now. Last, I will discuss the challenge of when eco-criticism researchers try to go beyond their research fields. The second issue of this essay is to differentiate four processes from the texts regarding the environment and literature in Taiwan, including ”Topophila”, ”awareness”, ”find the way”, and ”inhabit the island”.The four processes are not meant to replace one another, but are still evolving now. So I hope this essay will be a foundation for my next phase study about eco-criticism in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Nature Writing ； Nature-Oriented Literature ； Environmental Ethics ； Literature and Environment ； Eco-criticism

參考文獻

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吳明益(2004)。以書寫解放自然－台灣現代自然書寫的探索(1980-2002)。台北:大安出版社。

吳音寧(2007)。江湖在哪裡?臺灣農業觀察。台北:印刻出版公司。

阿寶(2004)。女農討山誌。台北:張老師出版社。

周文一(2004)。台灣天牛園鑑。台北:貓頭鷹出版社。