傳統與顛覆故事在教室的並用與影響

The Use of Traditional with Non-traditional Tales in the Classroom

林逸君(Yi-Chun Lin)

《修平人文社會學報》 17期 (2011/09) Pp. 1-30

https://doi.org/10.29547/ZHWHGX.201109.0001

摘要

因極權帝國主義種族優越的偏見，給人類帶來二次世界性的毀滅大戰－第一次和第二次世界大戰，人類開始了解，「偏見」對人類生活所造成的負面影響，以及「去除人類偏見」的重要。也就是，尊重個人的不同與差異，建構一個相互尊重「人人均等」的社會，才是國際間能和平相處與共存之道。因此，在第二次世界大戰之後，使用故事來幫助兒童去除偏見，成為當代教育的重要目標之一。在「去除偏見」這樣的氛圍下，很多傳統的故事被重新探討和檢查，目的是想要了解，故事是透過甚麼樣的方式傳達和建構偏見，故事又傳達了甚麼樣的偏見，因應而生的是「顛覆」故事的產生，以期能幫助兒童去除偏見。本研究認為，要幫助兒童了解偏見是如何被建構和去除偏見，把傳統與顛覆故事在教室同時並用，是重要方法之一。因此，本研究決定，進行從去除「一般歧視」議題之探討，到去除「當代重要歧視」，也就是族群、性別、和階級歧視議題之探討。為了進行這樣的探討，本研究選取四組有名的故事來討論。這四組故事，共由八個故事組成。而每組故事是依傳統與顛覆概念所組成的故事組，透過這樣的選與組合，本研究希望能說明，如何把傳統與顛覆故事同時在教室並用，是可幫助兒童了解偏見是如何被建構和去除偏見的重要方法之一，以期一個「人人均等」的社會能被建構。

關鍵字

歧視 ； 族群 ； 性別 ； 階級 ； 兒童文學

並列摘要

Man's biases of their superiority to other races are one of the major causes that triggered the two wars: World War One and Two. After humans suffered from pain and loss caused by the two wars, humans began to understand that their overwhelming sufferings were simply because they held biases in their minds. In order to co-exist peacefully with other human beings and other races, it is important to eliminate discrimination pertaining not only to race, but also to gender roles, social ranks, age differences, and so on. By doing so, we can then create a harmonious global village for everyone to co-exist in.One of the ways to achieve this goal is to help children learn how and in what ways tales can convey biases as well as how tales can create an impact on the conventional concepts the readers have already mentally established. To do this, four groups of eight tales in total are chosen and discussed. The purpose of this is to show how tales can help construct biased concepts and how tales can also be used to help eliminate biases. These four groups of tales are also selected and formed in order to investigate the issues pertaining to general biases and specific biases such as race, gender roles, and social classes or ranks. This study intends to suggest that if teachers try to use and share both traditional and non-traditional (or subversive) tales with children in the class, they can help children eliminate their biases. By doing so, hopefully, we can be led to the path where an equal social structure can be created. Thereby, nations can have their peace.

並列關鍵字

bias ； race ； gender role ； social rank ； children's literature