《後西遊記》之寓意及其寫作藝術論析

Exposition on the Implied Meaning of "Later Journey to the West" and Its Art of Writing

翁小芬(Hsiao-Fen Wen)

《修平人文社會學報》 19期 (2012/09) Pp. 39-69

https://doi.org/10.29547/ZHWHGX.201209.0003

摘要

清初《後西遊記》為《西遊記》之續書，共四十回，為清初的作品。書續寫唐三藏取經返唐，佛經流傳中國兩百年後，因前次取經未能取得真解，無法濟世度民，使得唐憲宗崇仙好道、僧人牟利、世人墮入邪道之中，為正之，如來佛祖命唐三藏、孫悟空尋覓找尋真解之人，於是促成唐半偈、小行者、豬一戒、沙致和、龍馬等赴靈山求取真解，最後受封成佛。該書除了宣揚佛教哲理之外，亦深具諷刺性，蘊含深厚寓意，而在寫作藝術上亦別具特色。本文以《後西遊記》之寓意及寫作藝術為論述重點，並將小說寓意分為「修心去妄」、「諷政治」、「諷世儒」、「諷人性」及「諷宗教」五項；而寫作藝術則傾力於修辭技法、人物角色、超現實性及詼諧幽默上著墨，以凸顯小說之創作特點，期能對《後西遊記》的意涵及寫作有較全面的瞭解。

關鍵字

後西遊記 ； 寓意 ； 寫作藝術 ； 寓言小說

並列摘要

”Later Journey to the West” is a sequel of ”Journey to the West;” there are forty chapters in total, and it was a work written at the beginning of Qing Dynasty. The book continues to write that after Tang Sanzng （the Tang Monk） acquired the sutras and went back to the territory of Tang Dynasty, and after the sutras had been spread and circulated in China for two hundred years, because the Monk and the disciples did not obtain the correct explanation in the previous time, the sutras could not save the world and enlighten the people, resulting in Emperor Tang Xian Zong's upholding celestial beings and favoring Taoism, monks' seeking profit, and common people's falling into vice. In order to rectify these situations, the Buddha ordered the Tang Monk and Sun Wukong （the Monkey King） to seek the people that searched for the correct explanation; therefore, this contributed to Tang Banji （the second Tang Monk）, Little Wandering Monk （the second Stone Money）, Zhu Yijie, Sha Zhihe （Sha Mi）, and the Dragon Horse's going to the Spirit Mountain to look for the correct explanation; finally, they were conferred a title and became buddhas.Besides propagating the Buddhist philosophy, the book is rich in sarcasm, contains deep implied meaning, and its art of writing has special features. The research took the implied meaning of ”Later Journey to the West” and its art of writing as the focal points of exposition, and divided the fiction's implied meaning into five items of ”cultivating the heart and getting rid of the improper thought” ”satirizing the politics,” ”satirizing the common intellectuals,” ”satirizing the human nature,” and ”satirizing the religion;” as for the art of writing, the book exerts efforts in rhetorical techniques, characters and roles, super-reality, and description in comicality and humor to highlight the fiction's features of literary creation. The research expected to have a more comprehensive understanding to ”Later Journey to the West's” connotation and writing.

並列關鍵字

Later Journey to the West ； implied meaning ； art of writing ； allegorical novel