Japanese government continuously endeavors to foster development in science and technology and talented people. Especially, Japanese government often leads and develops a theoretical system which is characteristic of Japan's style but can meet the demand of Japanese society and economy. Therefore, Japan can all see through the difficulty in the change of society and economy, and finally march toward a new way. This study discussed topics concerning scientific and technological development policies, and talents people development by Japanese government. It may contribute to promote understanding about the scientific and technological policy and talented people development of Japan.