日本中小企業基本法之簡介

近年日本景氣稍加回復，但實際上中小企業停歇業家數高於新設家數，顯示中小企業活力有消褪之虞，有識者甚爲憂心，二○○七（平成十九）年通商產業省中小企業廳便以地域經濟活性化、挑戰再挑戰的支援、產業競爭力強化等爲中小企業政策目標，推動各項新措施：（一）新訂中小企業地域資源活用計畫，期望透過產地技術、地區農林水產品、觀光資源等地域資源來開發新產品新服務，在五年內創造出一千種以上的新事業；（二）挑戰再挑戰的支援，也就是對有意創業者規劃融資（DIP保證）及免保人融資制度。同時擴充中小企業再生支援協議會、強化再生金融、設置再生諮詢窗口等，強力支援企業重整；（三）中小企業製造技術的高度化，亦即依據中小企業製造基礎技術高度化相關法（「中小企業のものづくり基盤技術の高度化に関する法律」，二○○六（平成十八）年），從建構上下游生產網、戰略性製造技術高度化、人才培育、技術傳承、資金強化等面向進行總體支援；（四）推動造鎮和振興商店街，也就是依據中心市街地活性化法（「中心市街地の活性化に関する法律」，一九九八（平成十）年）在造鎮的同時催動商業活性化，因應少子高齡化趨勢下營造商店街的遠景；（五）支援小規模及零細業者，對於甫創業之小規模及零細業者，規劃經營革新專家諮詢、資金調度及強化經營能力等制度。反觀我國，根據中小企業白皮書統計，二○○五年中小企業新設家數比率9.9%、停歇業比率自二○○三年起資料從缺，狀況不明。筆者擬就日本中小企業基本法作爲一觀察平台，解析其立法背景、內容及問題點，提供我國之參考。

關鍵字

中小企業基本法

並列摘要

There are signs shown that Japan's economic has been recovered to certain extent in recent years. However, the number of shutout SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) is actually larger than that of newly-opened, which shows the recession of SMEs and makes persons of insight become worrisome. In the year of 2007, aiming at activity of regional economic, support based on successive challenges and strengthening of industry competence, the Small and Medium Size Enterprise Agency of Ministry of International Trade and Industry put into operation the following measures: (1) newly establish the flexible plan of regional resources for SMEs, with the purpose of developing new products and new services by regional resources, including local technologies as well as regional agricultural, forestry and aquatic products, and striving for developing more than 1000 kinds of new industries within 5 years; (2) ”support based on successive challenges” means to make out DIP guaranteed financing system and warrantor-exempted financing system for business creators. Meanwhile, support SMEs reforming by expanding the SMEs Recovery Support Committee, strengthening recovery financing and establishing recovery consultation stations; (3) optimize the manufacturing technologies adopted by SMEs, namely carry out overall support to SMEs in accordance with the Manufacturing Technologies of SMEs Optimizing Law(enacted in 2006) and by establishing upstream-downstream manufacturing network, optimizing strategic manufacturing technologies, talent training, technology transmission and capital strengthening; (4) push forward the city construction and develop shop-streets, namely stimulate the business activity while carrying out city construction in accordance with the Center City and Street Activity Law (enacted in 1998) to adapt the situation of establishing shops following the trend of Low Fertility Rate and Population Ageing; (5) support the small-scale manufacturers and workshops, namely establish operation and reform expert consultation system, capital dispatching system and operation ability strengthening system for small-scale manufacturers and workshops. On the other hand, as we examine our nation the SEMS White Paper, the rate of newly established SMEs in the year of 2005 is 9.9%, and the rate of shutout SMEs is incalculable from the year of 2003 as relevant information is lost. Taking Japan's Small and Medium Enterprises Basic Law as an observation platform and analyzing its enacting background, provisions and issue points, the author is trying to get some information for the references of the domestic experts.