Pollinational-mutualism Strategy of Ficus erecta Var. beecheyana and Blastophaga nipponica in Seasonal Guandaushi Forest Ecosystem, Taiwan

本研究探討關刀溪森林牛奶榕與牛奶榕小蜂之授粉共生生態。研究結果得知：牛奶榕與牛奶榕小蜂的授粉模式與法國南部之無花果相似。由越冬雄榕果發育而羽化的牛奶榕小蜂，進入雄株春季主要花季雌花期雄榕果內，產卵在短花柱雌花子房以擴大其族群。其後裔隨後於雄花期春季主要花季羽化，絕大多數進入了雌株夏季主要花季的雌花期雌榕果，為牛奶榕長花柱雌花授粉，少數進入雌花期雄榕果內產卵。牛奶榕小蜂以幼蟲或蛹在榕果內度冬，延續授粉蜂的族群。在授粉的過程中，牛奶榕可以控制種子及牛奶榕小蜂在榕果內的發育時間；即牛奶榕雌、雄株的雌花期榕果，其最大生產量要比牛奶榕小蜂孵化的雄花期雄榕果發生最大量的時期早2~3星期。而雌、雄花期榕果生產的最大生量要比降水晚2~4星期，大多數的牛奶榕小蜂在此時期羽化，可以比較安全的進入雌花期榕果進行授粉或產卵。生命短暫而專一性的牛奶榕小蜂，其生活史適應著牛奶榕的開花物候，彼此間於季節性變化的關刀溪森林生態系中具有一個良好的共生授粉關係。

關鍵字

牛奶榕；牛奶榕小蜂；授粉；共生；關刀溪森林生態系

並列摘要

This study investigates pollination mutualism between F. erecta var. beecheyana and its obligate pollinator Blastophaga nipponica using detailed phenology data from the seasonal Guandaushi Forest Station. The symbiotic cycle resembled that of the F. carica and B. psenes in southern France. Blastophaga nipponica emerged from the D-phase syconia of over-winter male crops and entered the receptive male syconia to lay its eggs during the spring male main crop reproductive period. Several weeks later, dozens of offspring emerged and pollinated the receptive syconia of the summer female major crop. A few pollinators entered the receptive male syconia to oviposite, and their offspring wintered inside the male fig as larvae or pupae. The fig trees could control the developmental period of wasp-producing syconia during pollination. The peak of B-phase syconia (pollinators pollinate or set eggs) of both genders appeared earlier than the abundant D-phase syconia (pollinators released) by about two to three weeks. On the other hand, the flowering syconia of both genders occurred abundantly, staggered about two to four weeks after heavy rainfall, and the fly-out pollinators would pollinate or lay eggs during this period. This fig flowering phenology accommodates the shorter life span of the obligate species-special pollen carrier to enter the receptive syconia for effective oviposition or seed-setting. Ficus erecta var. beecheyana and B. nipponica thus have a successful mutualism strategy of pollination at the Guandaushi Forest Station.

並列關鍵字

Blastophaga nipponica ； Ficus erecta var. beecheyana ； Guandaushi Forest Ecosystem ； Mutualism ； Pollination

國際替代計量

Pollinational-mutualism Strategy of Ficus erecta Var. beecheyana and Blastophaga nipponica in Seasonal Guandaushi Forest Ecosystem, Taiwan

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