Aspidistra obconica C. R. Lin & Yan Liu (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from the limestone areas in southwestern Guangxi, China. The new species is easily distinguished from all other members of Aspidistra by the obconic perianth and pistil. A somatic chromosome number of 2n = 38 and a karyotype formula 2n = 24m(superscript 2SC) + 2sm + 12st were determined for A. obconica. The new speciesis known only from Daxin County, which lies at the border between Guangxi and northern Vietnam. Colorplates, line drawings and a distribution map are provided to aid in identification.