The purpose of this study was to establish the core concepts of nanotechnology and the concept map for the elementary school. Based on the literature review, we summarized the concepts related to the nanotechnology and developed the questionnaire of ”The Core Concepts of Nanotechnology”. Then we conducted a Delphi survey to ask twenty eight experts to evaluate the importance of each concept. These experts include 11 professors from college of science and engineering, 6 professors from science education, and 11 elementary school teachers. Through three rounds of the survey, we conclude the core concepts of the nanotechnology correspondence to the different grades of the elementary school. Eventually, we concluded one concept of the nanotechnology should be taught in the elementary schools for lower-grade, fifteen concepts for mid-grade, and thirty-three concepts for higher-grade students. According to these results, we established the concept map of nanotechnology as the reference for future curriculum design for nanotechnology in the elementary school.