新住民兒童與本地兒童繪畫表現之研究－性別、年齡與文化因素

A Study of Drawing Performance of Young Children with Distinct Cultural Heritage: Gender, Age and Culture

許雅嵐(Ya Lan Shiu) ； 吳麗媛(Li-Yuan Wu)

《兒童與教育研究》 11期 (2016/07) Pp. 91-135

摘要

繪畫與幼兒發展有著密切關係，幼教師在教學現場，面對來自各種不同文化背景的幼兒，藉由幼兒繪畫，可更進一步了解不同文化背景的幼兒。本研究探討新住民兒童與本地兒童在自由畫的繪畫表現與特徵。研究對象來自於位於金門縣的一所國民小學一年級與二年級兒童暨附設幼兒園大班兒童，以不同年齡層各選取八位兒童，包含新住民二位男童與二位女童暨本地生二位男童與二位女童，共24位兒童。自由畫活動分爲兩個階段進行，第一階段與第二階段間隔一個月，每次活動進行30至40分鐘。藉由兩次自由畫活動所收集的新住民兒童與本地兒童之自由畫作品，以質性研究方法分析自由畫的線條、內容元素、圖像構圖、用色與特徵。本研究資料顯示，就內容元素而言，本地兒童和新住民兒童繪畫以自然環境出現最多，而新住民兒童在內容元素表現多於本地兒童。圖像構圖上，新住民與本地兒童在自由畫呈現最多的圖像構圖是符號性表現和強調性或誇張式表現。在線條使用上，新住民兒童與本地兒童在自由畫表現上，以出現單縱線、複縱線和單斜線較多。女生偏愛使用複斜線，男生則是點。一年級的新住民與本地兒童在線條使用上較多元。用色方面，女生有較多亮色系顏色出現在自由畫，男生則較常使用暗色系。隨著年齡的增長，新住民與本地兒童在用色上會更多元豐富。本研究發現指出，藉由文化刺激，本地兒童和新住民兒童皆在繪畫中，表現出所在地地方文化特色，而影響兒童繪畫表現的因素有學校、家庭、地方文化與大眾媒體。

關鍵字

新住民 ； 幼兒繪畫 ； 文化 ； 繪畫表現

並列摘要

A close relationship exists between drawing and child development. In the presence of young children with distinct cultural heritage in classrooms, teachers may acquire a deeper understanding of young children through their drawings. This study investigates the free drawing performance of immigrant young children and native young children. The subjects were recruited from an elementary school located in Kinmen Shien and its affiliated preschool, including 24 children, who consisted of eight preschoolers, eight first-graders, and eight second-graders with two male immigrant children and two female immigrant children, and two male native children and two female native children included in each group of children. These children were engaged in free drawing activities in two stages, with a time interval of one month between the two stages. Each free drawing activity lasted for about 30 minutes. The children's drawings collected from the free drawing activities were analyzed qualitatively with respect to the content elements, image compositions, and use of lines and colors presented in their drawings. As revealed by the data of the study with regard to the drawing contents presented in the drawings of the children of the study, they tended to focus on the representation of natural environments. Moreover, immigrant children would produce more content elements than native children. As to image representations, most of the image representations produced by both immigrant children and native children in their drawings included symbolic representations and magnified representations. With regard to their use of lines, both immigrant children and native children would tend to use a single vertical line, double vertical lines, and a single slope in their drawings. Girls would prefer to use double slopes, while boys tended to use dots. First-grade immigrant children and native children demonstrated more diversified productions of lines. With respect to their use of colors, girls were found to use bright colors more, while boys preferred to use dark colors. With the increase in age, both immigrant children and native children would demonstrate more diversified performance in the use of colors. As found in the study, both immigrant children and native children tended to represent the domestic cultures of the host country, and the factors which would affect children's graphical representations included schools, families, domestic cultures, and public media.

並列關鍵字

Immigrants ； Young children's drawing ； Culture ； Drawing performance