考慮非意欲產出之中國第二級產業效率評估

Evaluating Performance for Secondary Industry of China with Consideration of Undesirable Outputs

石益丞(Y. C. Shih) ； 林村基(Erwin T. J. Lin)

《明道學術論壇》 10卷1期 (2016/06) Pp. 95-114

摘要

中國經濟自改革開放後迅速發展，由於其發展策略為吸引外國資金與製造技術，加上低廉勞動成本的誘因，遂吸引全球工業產品製造大廠往中國移動，使中國衍然成為「世界工廠」，在此情況下，中國第二級產業(包含製造業與建築業)之效率評估乃成為學術界關注的焦點，相當數量之研究被發表。歸納早期之研究，似乎僅偏重好的產出，且投入變數僅考慮人力與設備，近年來全球對於環保議題的重視，於是若干研究開始將非意欲產出納入考量，然而，因為文獻上之研究僅考慮固體、氣體、液體等三種廢棄物的一或兩種，以致於效率評估結果不免有以偏概全之憾，難窺生產效率之全貌。為彌補此一缺憾，本研究嘗試以SBM-DEA模式，評估中國30 省份第二級產業之技術效率，投入變數除傳統研究的就業人數(x_1)與固定資產投資(x_2)外，並將用煤量(x_3)、用電量(x_4)、用油量(x_5) 等能源投入納入，產出變數除生產總值(y_1)作為意欲產出項外，並將二氧化硫(b_1)、氮氧化物(b_2)、烟(粉) (b_3)、工業固體廢棄物(b_4)及廢水中重金屬(b_5)等三類五項廢棄物納為非意欲產出變數。結果顯示，考慮三類五項廢棄物各省效率與僅考慮一或兩種廢棄物有顯著差異，顯示同時考慮氣體、液體、固體等三類廢棄物之效率評估較為合理。納入三類廢棄物後，整體而言，以東部沿海省份之技術效率較佳，西部省份之技術效率偏低，透露之管理意涵為，管理當局應多補助經費於西部省份，俾購置防制汙染物排放之設備，以降低非意欲產出量，尤其效率偏低之甘肅(0.31)、新疆(0.32)、雲南(0.40)和貴州(0.41)等四個省份。

關鍵字

第二級產業 ； 非意欲產出 ； 效率評估 ； SBM-DEA模式

並列摘要

China's economy has experienced dramatic growth since its reform. Due partly to the government's strategy of development is attracting foreign investment and technology, in addition, because of lower wage in comparison with other countries, as a consequence, China become the world's factory, Chinese products seem to be everywhere. In such circumstance, evaluating performance of the secondary industry in China deserves thorough investigation. A number of researchers paid their attention to measuring China's provincial efficiency for secondary industry in the past decades, however, they generally ignored the undesirable outputs. In fact, the undesirable outputs such as air pollutants in general accompany with desirable outputs to be produced in production processes. The results will be biased or at least unfair if one just ignores undesirable outputs when evaluating performance. To rectify, this study attempts to evaluate technical efficiency of secondary industry for 30 provinces in China by adopting SBM-DEA model. In addition to labor (x_1), fixed assets (x_2), such energies as coal (x_3), electricity (x_4), fuel (x_5) also be included in the analysis. As for output variables, we select sulfur dioxide (b_1), nitrogen oxide (b_2), soot (b_3), industrial solid waste (b_4), and metals contained in waste water (b_5) as undesirable outputs in addition to desirable output, total production in terms of RMB (y_1). The empirical results indicate that the performance evaluation seems to be reliable and reasonable when incorporating undesirable outputs into the analysis. The results also reveal that in general the technical efficiencies of those provinces in eastern bank are better than those provinces in western part. The policy implication is that government should grand more financial support on purchasing pollutant control devices to western provinces especially Gansu, Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Guizhou, so as to protect environment away from pollutants emission.

並列關鍵字

Secondary industry ； Undesirable outputs ； Performance evaluation ； SBM-DEA model