日常書寫，尺牘－以吳昌碩尺牘為例

Daily Writing, Letters :Taking the Wu Changshuo's Letters as AnExample

李憲專(Hsien-Chuan LI)

《明道學術論壇》 10卷3期 (2017/07) Pp. 71-99

摘要

吳昌碩尺牘中有致親友甚至日本友人，本文以致國內親友尺牘為論，這批尺牘之書寫時間跨度長達四十年，對象有親族、好友、晚輩，所述皆屬日常生活之點點滴滴，從中可瞭解他的生活起居、健康狀況以及內心世界，也可其親族間之互動。吳昌碩與諸宗元、王大炘、溫翁、沈公周等好友間之往來中，致諸宗元之尺牘言及身體狀況者，尤甚於與親族之稟報，可見其交情之篤。而致王大炘書函內容多為請王代為處理信箋印刷之事。言及書畫鬻售者，以致溫翁信札為最。尺牘中甚至透露吳昌碩詩作曾由他人代撰，包括其兒吳涵、諸宗元、沈公周，諸宗元猶有序文及祭文之代筆。至於親族互動，多見與其妻弟施為之信函，皆以其字「石墨」稱之，不僅有詩作唱和，還有碑帖資料的提供，亦見向岳母大人敬稟夫妻病痛及子女現況，及與其姪少墨書函，多為家居生活之描述，亦時見對晚輩關愛之情，對其書法尤多鼓勵。尺牘乃日常書寫頗能放縱，吳昌碩尺牘確實輕鬆用筆，大膽用墨，章法自然書就，由此得窺見其書法中「真」的一面。

關鍵字

吳昌碩 ； 尺牘 ； 諸宗元 ； 沈公周

並列摘要

Wu's letters are writing to relatives, friends locally and in Japan. This essay focuses on letters to relatives and friends lived within the country. These letters cover a time span of 40 years. He writes to older relatives, friends, and young generation relatives. His writings are all about his daily observations and life experience. Readers can see from the letters his daily routines, health, interactions with others, and have a peek of his inner heart world. Wu writes to ZongYuan Zhu, DaVhi Wong, Won Win, and GongJo Shen. We can see his close relationship with Zhu from his letters to Zhu, which not only sending greetings but mentioning his own health conditions also. The letters to Wong are mainly about putting his works into print and selling of his works. Some letters even mention that some of the poem works under his own name are actually written by others such as his own son Han Wu, ZongYuan Zhu, or GongJo Shen. Some prefaces or funeral oration are written by Zhu. As in the interactions with relatives, there are many letters to his brother-in-law We Shu. Shu styled himself as ＂ShiMo＂ and that is how Wu often calls Shu in the letters. These letters include poem and other calligraphy rubbing works. Also there are letters to mother-in-law talking about illness issues himself and his the other half; as well as daily life of his kids. Letters to his nephews are more about daily life. These show his caring to the young generation in the Wu family, and the encouragements on their calligraphy skills. All these letters to friends/relatives are informal and Wu writes them in a soft and easy tone. Wu applies his calligraphy skills freely and boldly there and this truly shows the ＂genuine＂ side of his calligraphy works.

並列關鍵字

Wu Changshuo ； Letters ； ZongYuan Zhu ； GongJo Shen