臺灣民眾歸因與因應疾病的身體文化

身體文化的範疇，包含以身體或身體活動為基礎或媒介所形成的文化，臺灣地區常民(lay person)的一些疾病信念由於受中國傳統醫學文化的影響很深，民俗的疾病信念在求醫的過程中常當作生病時身體化的理論框架，進而發展成臺灣民眾因應疾病的身體文化。本研究透過質量性並用的研究方法，在匯集21位某教學醫院門診病人之訪談資料後，發展量化問卷。採「分層隨機抽樣」的方法，以臺灣地區25縣市為分層基礎，以CATI (Computer Assistant Telephone Interview, CATI)系統針對全國18 歲以上民眾進行電話訪談。最終獲得1057份有效樣本，完訪率93.7%，抽樣誤差為±3.01%。將結果進行分析與討論，本研究提出兩點結論：（一）將「身體」作為一個客觀的考察對象，一般人會將其生活經驗及疾病經驗轉成知識帶到健康相關的行動上；（二）透過對於臺灣民眾因應疾病的身體文化初探，可發現一定比例以上的民眾對於「身體」的體會有專屬「文化」層面的理解，透過這些理解而有不同的求醫取向及身體對待方式。

關鍵字

身體文化；疾病歸因；求醫行為

並列摘要

Body culture consists of the culture which is formed by body or physical activity as a basis or medium. Traditional Chinese medical culture made a great impact on the health beliefs in Taiwan. Folk illness beliefs usually are taken as the theoretical framework when ”lay person” seek medical help, and then the framework is gradually developed into the belief of how to coping with illness of body culture in Taiwan. This research adopted qualitative and quantitative approaches. First of all, the author developed a quantitative questionnaire by the data of interviewing 21 outpatients in a medical university hospital. Second, the author used 25 cities and counties in Taiwan as a stratified random sampling object, and then implemented telephone survey of over aged 18 people in Taiwan by CATI (Computer Assistant Telephone Interview). Finally, 1,057 effective samples (93.7%) were carried out, and the sampling error is ±3.01%. The results showed that: 1. taking body as an objective inspection object, most people turn their life and disease experiences into knowledge and their health-related actions. 2. by briefly researching to the body culture of how Taiwanese coping with disease, the author obtains a fact that a certain proportion of Taiwan people has some exclusive culture understanding; furthermore, how people seek medical help and how they treat their bodies are influenced by those understanding.