- 期刊
另一種進步：網球教練選手「進步感」的置身結構
A Different Kind of Progress: The Situated Structure of Tennis Coach-Players' Sense of Progress
摘要
在運動場上，運動員在當選手階段同時也兼任教練工作的情況是司空見慣的，這樣的雙重角色使選手轉變成「教練選手」。筆者即曾歷經教練選手階段，並從中知覺到「進步感」。本研究參考Giorgi現象學的實徵研究方法，以及李維倫與賴憶嫺對此方法所提出的六個具體步驟，將揭露筆者現處於教練選手所知覺到的「進步感」是什麼？這樣的「進步感」又是怎麼形成的？本研究的目的是要揭露筆者自身與另一位「教練選手」所知覺到的「進步感」之置身結構。現象學的實徵研究方法並非只是從事經驗對象的還原與描述，而是揭露了存在處境的置身結構。最後將兩位「教練選手」的置身結構在對照比較中，尋找出能夠涵蓋教練選手「進步感」的置身結構描述。本研究使用的研究方法分成六個步驟：（一）蒐集自然描述經驗；（二）身歷其境的閱讀；（三）拆解與改寫成意義單元；（四）構成主題；（五）以置身結構的方式描述；（六）找尋涵蓋所有的普遍性。結果發現教練選手知覺到「進步感」的普遍結構為：「雙重身份」，意識形態的出現與轉變；「教練之眼」，有超越的看、看到學生與看到自己的看、部份與整體的看、過去的看與現在的看；「知識技術」，同一與多重（不同的知識、技術、心理）、技術由不顯現轉為顯現。此三個結構為涵蓋所有教練選手「進步感」的主要結構。
並列摘要
In the field of sports, it is common for athletes as players to work part-time as coaches. This dual identity of the players turns players into ”coach-players.” I, as a researcher, experiencing this process, become aware of this ”sense of progress.” The study is about to reveal what the ”sense of progress” refers to based on the phenomenological empirical methodology as well as how this ”sense of progress” forms. This study aims to unveil how one coach-player and I, as another coach-player, have perceived the situated structure of the ”sense of progress.” The phenomenological empirical methodology not only returns the experiences to the original condition and describes them but also discloses the situated structure of existence. Finally, the situated structures of these two coach-players are compared to seek out a general description for the situated structure of ”sense of progress.” The method for this study includes the following steps: (1) data collection, (2) empathic immersement, (3) meaning units, (4) constituent themes, (5) situated structure, (6) general structure. The results show that coach-players perceived the sense of progress as the ”eye of the coach”, which can be considered to be ”the general structure”. The ”eye of the coach” includes a transcendental look, a look at the students and themselves, an overall look of parts and whole, the past and the present. The ”dual identity” can also be considered to be part of ”the general structure”. It refers to the appearance and the change of ideology; ”Knowledge technique” means that the technique appears because of the identity and multiple (different knowledge, technique and psychology). These three structures constitute the general situated structure of ”sense of progress” of the coach-players.