This study investigates the comprehension, learning effectiveness, and learning motivations of aboriginal students at the senior graders of mathematics courses in Taitung County, Taiwan. To understand the aboriginal students' comprehension and learning difficulties in mathematics courses, relevant data were collected through focus group interviews and questionnaires. The study reveals that the subjects' comprehension in mathematics courses is relatively low, and they find mathematical formulae difficult to memorize and the subject complex and confusing. However, they still consider mathematics an interesting course and would not rule out learning mathematics. Easier employment and learning without pressure from the instructor are the primary motivations for the students to learn mathematics. Finally, the study provides recommendations to help aboriginal students learn mathematics. Teachers need not place excessive emphasis on mathematical knowledge and the memorization of formulae. If mathematics can be integrated into the cultural backgrounds of aboriginal communities, it would help improve students' comprehension and learning ability in mathematics.