阻力訓練對動作速度與爆發力的特殊性發展

Specific Development of Movement Velocity and Power with Resistance Training

王翔星(Hsiang-Hsin Wang) ； 莊進德(Jin-De Zhuang) ； 相子元(Tzyy-Yuang Shiang) ； 陳全壽(Chuan-Show Chen)

《運動教練科學》 7期 (2006/12) Pp. 87-95

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.2006.07.09

摘要

阻力訓練是現代運動員準備競賽的增強策略。由於競技運動中，專項動作經常被要求在極短暫的時間內完成，這些專項動作如投球、踢擊與跳躍等等，都是在一固定的負荷下以最快的速度完成動作，因此肌力訓練所執行的動作，必須考慮最快的肌肉收縮能力。而阻力訓練時強調快速收縮的概念即是阻力訓練的速度特殊性。其所強調的論點是「最佳力量的獲得發生在訓練時或接近訓練時的速度」。本文聚焦於肌力訓練的速度特殊性機制探討，並介紹二種能符合真實競賽動作所展現的快速及無減速特色之肌力訓練法（被動反覆等速訓練及彈震式訓練），冀望本文的呈現能提供運動教練規劃肌力訓練計畫時，另一個思維的方向，使有效發展運動員之速度與爆發力。

關鍵字

速度特殊性 ； 爆發力 ； 被動反覆等速訓練 ； 彈震式訓練

並列摘要

Resistance training is widely regarded as an effective supplemental tool to the modern athlete's preparation for competition. Velocity specificity of resistance training is another area of considerable interest for coaches and scientist. Velocity specificity is characterized by the greatest increase in strength occurring at or near the velocity of training exercise. The adaptation may be attributed to both muscular and neural mechanisms. This review focuses on the velocity specificity of resistance training, demonstrating evidence for the phenomenon and the possible underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the review also introduces two kinds of high velocity resistance training methods to the coaches or scientist. The purpose of this review is to present a new concept of the resistance training. This concept states resistance training programs will produce positive effects on activities or tasks that closely mimic the training that is performed. In other words, resistance training undertaken to improve a specific sport should be similar in movement pattern, duration, and velocity to the various movements performed during competition.

並列關鍵字

Velocity specificity ； Power ； PRI training ； Ballistic training

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