中華職棒長期賽制之年度訓練計畫安排

職業棒球比賽期較其他運動項目長，必須經歷長達八個月的一百場例行賽，爲了因應冗長的賽制，避免選手因長期比賽而發生體能下降、受傷率提升，必須擬定有效之科學訓練計畫。科學化訓練主要目的，是將影響因素降到最低，呈現最佳訓練效果。而訓練是否科學化？其最基礎條件是取決於教練是否能夠將整年度之比賽與訓練階段劃分明確。依據各訓練階段目的，安排訓練負荷劑量。針對生理適應機轉，適時作出訓練調整。並在各訓練週期與比賽間，安排測試診斷，掌握選手之最佳體能與專項能力。藉助診斷數據分析，調整選手之巔峰期於比賽中顯現。本文配合國內職棒賽程之長期賽制編排方式，擬定出一套兼具明確訓練目的與運動能力診斷的年度科學訓練計畫，包含準備期、比賽期的力量、耐力、速度、技術、戰術之訓練計畫，並透過定期的運動能力診斷，準確調整選手的訓練負荷強度，並掌握生理適應與恢復再生原則，使選手能在長期賽制中展現高競技運動能力與表現，並於球季中、後段有效維持體能狀況。

關鍵字

長期賽制；年度訓練計劃；中華職棒；運動能力診斷

並列摘要

The competition period of professional baseball games is longer than any other sport. Baseball players have to go through 100 regular tournaments during 8 months. Consequently, in order to avoid the decline of exercise capacity and the increase of injuries rate, it is necessary to draw up an effective training program. The purpose of scientific training is to minimize the impact of factors and to show the best results of training. However, is the training scientific or not? The answer basically depends on whether the coach can compartmentalize the whole year into competition and training stages specifically. According to the intention of training stage, arrange for the loading dose of training. In view of physiological adaptation mechanisms, adjust the training timely. Give players the most appropriate and reasonable loading dose. Set up diagnostic tests between competition and each training cycle to make sure player's best physical ability and specific physical capacity. Adjust to athletes' peak period into competition through data analysis diagnosis. According to the arrangement of domestic professional baseball tournaments, this article drew up an annual scientific training program with specific training purpose and exercise capacity diagnose, including the training program on strength, endurance, speed, technology, and tactical of preparation and competition period. This program also intends to adjust accurately on athletes training load intensity and know well about the physical adaptation and reinstatement principle through regular exercise capacity diagnoses, to make player have great performance in the long-term competition and keep the physical condition in the middle and final of season.