不同學制優秀體操選手基礎動作之運動學比較

The Comparison of Kinematics of the Fundamental Movement among Elite Gymnasts of Different Educational Systems

鄭黎暉(Li-Huei Cheng) ； 王星翔(Hsing-Hsiang Wang)

《運動教練科學》 12期 (2008/12) Pp. 31-43

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.2008.12.04

摘要

本研究目的在於探討不同學制優秀體操選手實施基礎動作之後手翻接續團身後空翻的運動學差異，以了解體操基礎動作隨年齡增長之發展情形。將實施動作過程分爲6個分期瞬間，採用Motion Analysis System (100Hz)動作分析系統擷取3位選手實施動作過程中的運動學參數進行分析。結果顯示：（一）在後手翻階段中，較低的重心軌跡和較高的水平速度，有利於後續空翻的垂直速度；大專選手在後手翻階段起跳瞬間有較高的垂直速度；（二）高中及大專選手在後手翻起跳腳離地瞬間和團身後空翻起跳腳離地瞬間時，肘、肩關節角度皆大於國中選手，使其在後手翻起跳離地瞬間時，雙臂的伸展利於後手翻的手推離地面的動作，而團身後空翻起跳腳離地時，雙臂向上擺利於身體向上伸展方向的掌握，並使重心有一定的騰空高度；（三）大專選手在後手翻階段的手著地瞬間和手離地瞬間的膝關節角度較大於高中和國中選手，使其可增加身體的旋轉半徑，並能獲得較佳的下擺動能，而膝關節角度小則形成屈膝的動作，導致重心水平速度降低，減少下擺動能和影響整體動作的節奏和韻律。因此，本研究結論爲體操基礎動作會受年齡或學制的增長而有所影響。

關鍵字

後空翻 ； 動作發展 ； 年齡

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematics of the fundamental movement among gymnasts of different educational levels. Three elite gymnasts in different educational levels, such as junior-high, senior-high and college, were subjects in this study. Motion Analysis System with ten cameras at 100 Hz was used to record movement films. The results were as follows. (1) In the backward handspring, the trajectory of CM and horizontal velocity of CM in junior-high and college gymnasts were lower and higher than those of senior-high gymnast, so the vertical velocity is better when they perform tucked backward somersault. College gymnast has higher vertical velocity than junior-high and senior-high gymnasts in take-off moment of backward handspring phase. (2) Senior-high and college gymnasts have more elbow and shoulder angle in take-off moment of backward handspring and tucked backward somersault phase. Therefore, angle of both arm is bigger for performing in hand push away phase in the backward handspring, and increased the reaction force with body in the tucked backward handspring. (3) College gymnast has large knee flexions in hand support and push away moment in the backward handspring, it would increase rotation radius and better moments of inertia in the backward handspring. Therefore, the finding suggested that age or educational level affects the development of fundamental movement in gymnastic.

並列關鍵字

backward somersault ； motor de

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