運動員之正念傾向水平對運動心理技能、運動心理韌性之影響

The Effects of Mental Skills and Mental Toughness Associated with Dispositional Mindfulness in Athletes

吳治翰(Chih-Han Wu) ； 粘瑞狄(Jui-Ti Nien) ； 齊璘(Lin Chi) ； 林季燕(Chi-Yen Lin) ； 張育愷(Yu-Kai Chang)

《運動教練科學》 51期 (2018/09) Pp. 25-39

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.201809_51.0003

摘要

運動心理技能與心理韌性對運動表現有正向關聯，而正念傾向越高者與運動相關之心理狀態有關，然我國較少探討正念與運動選手之間的研究。目的：本研究為探討運動員之正念傾向水平對運動心理技能、心理韌性之差異。方法：針對146名大專甲組田徑運動員作為研究對象，蒐集其止觀覺察注意量表分數，將參與者分成四種不同正念傾向水平，另要求參與者填寫運動員心理技能、特質運動心理韌性量表，以瞭解不同正念傾向水平對兩種量表之差異。結果：本身具有較高正念傾向水平者有較優異的全面性運動心理技能分數；在特質運動心理韌性上，較高正念傾向水平之個體擁有較高的積極奮鬥、抗壓性、整體運動心理韌性之分數，但在忍受傷痛方面則無顯著差異。該些結果意謂著正念傾向水平較高者顯示出有較優異的心理狀態，僅在忍受傷痛構面上與過往結果略有分歧。結論：鑒於正念對於運動選手之正面效益，建議未來教練可藉由不同正念訓練課程以幫助運動選手提升正念傾向，並間接增進與運動相關之心理狀態，期許能對運動表現產生正向之關聯。另在研究之視角，往後或許可進一步探討採用正念訓練課程介入觀察運動員之心理狀態與運動表現，甚至結合神經電生理或腦造影等方式探究其效益的潛在機制。

關鍵字

田徑 ； 正向心理學 ； 覺察

並列摘要

Mental skills and mental toughness are positively related to sport performance. Previous studies have shown that higher dispositional mindfulness was related to higher mental states associated with sport. However, few studies have explored the full range of implications of this information for athletes in our country. Purpose: This study is to explore the difference between the different levels of dispositional mindfulness, mental skills, and mental toughness among athletes. Methods: One hundred and forty-six college track and field athletes were recruited. In order to collect their scores on the mindfulness attention awareness scale, the participants were divided into four different levels of dispositional mindfulness. The participants were asked to fill in the mental skills scale and traits of mental toughness inventory for the sports scale, in order to examine the effects of dispositional mindfulness on two scales. Results: This findings indicated that the participants who have a higher dispositional mindfulness relation did better on the overall mental skills. But on the traits of the mental toughness inventory for the sports scale, the participants who had a higher dispositional mindfulness relation did better on the anti-pressure, positive effort and overall mental toughness evaluations. However, dispositional mindfulness had no significant effects on endurance. These results mean that athletes with higher dispositional mindfulness tend to show more excellent mental states. The endurance factor, however, is inconsistent with the results of previous studies. Conclusions: Due to the positive effects of mindfulness on athletes, it is suggested that future coaches may use different mindfulness training programs in order to help athletes improve their dispositional mindfulness and to indirectly increase the mental states associated with their respective sports. The hope is to further the positive correlation between sports performance and mindfulness. In addition, from the perspective of the research, mindfulness training programs may be used to intervene during training, so as to observe the developing mental states of athletes and their sports performances. Future research may even be combined with event-related potential (ERP), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to explore the potential mechanisms of its effectiveness.

並列關鍵字

track and field ； positive psychology ； awareness

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