棒球啟訓年齡之探討－以桃園市四級球隊為例

目的：本研究調查目前國內學生棒球運動團隊選手年齡、球齡、開始訓練的年齡（啟訓年齡）與球速，並針對啟訓年齡對球速的影響進行探討，針對臺灣棒球專項訓練的現況提出建議。方法：以桃園市四級學生棒球隊中的專職投手49人為研究對象，透過自製問卷蒐集年齡與球齡，並藉以推算啟訓年齡，再以測速槍量測投球球速，探討四級學生棒球投手間年齡、球齡、啟訓年齡與球速的差異，再進行年齡、球齡、啟訓年齡與球速間的相關分析。結果：本研究中各層級選手的啟訓年齡分別為少棒8.00 ± 0.82歲、青少棒8.69 ±1.11歲、青棒8.85 ± 1.28歲與成棒8.80 ± 1.03歲；平均球速分別是少棒97.23 ± 9.44 km/h、青少棒116.69 ± 5.81 km/h、青棒121.35 ± 3.76 km/h與成棒129.57 ± 7.37 km/h。各層級投手的啟訓年齡間均無顯著差異，啟訓年齡對投手的球速亦無顯著相關。結論：本研究中各層級選手的平均球速會隨著年齡、球齡的增長而成長，但較早開始訓練並不會讓球速有更好的發展。建議：適時開始專項訓練不僅不會延緩選手的球速發展，反而更能保護選手，減少選手因為過早開始專項訓練或過度訓練而產生的受傷風險。

關鍵字

年齡；球齡；專項訓練；球速

並列摘要

Purpose: This study aimed to suggest for the training courses of Taiwanese baseball due to explore the relationship between the age of special-training years and pitching velocity. Methods: Forty-nine pitchers in student baseball teams were taken as the participants. The age and training years of participants were investigated by a questionnaire, and the age of special-training years were calculated by these two parameters. The pitching velocity was measured by a radar gun. The one-way analysis of variance was used to measure the different among four level (elementary school, junior high school, senior high school, and college) in age, training years, the age of special-training begins and pitching velocity. The Pearson's correlation analysis was used to measure the relationship between the age of special-training begins and pitching velocity. The significance was set at p ＜ .05. Results: The age of special-training begins were 8.00 ± 0.82 years old (elementary school pitchers), 8.69 ± 1.11 years old (junior high school pitchers), 8.85 ± 1.28 years old (senior high school pitchers), and 8.80 ± 1.03 years old (college pitchers); the pitching velocity were 97.23 ± 9.44 km/h (elementary school pitchers), 116.69 ± 5.81 km/h (junior high school pitchers), 121.35 ± 3.76 km/h (senior high school pitchers), and 129.57 ± 7.37 km/h (college pitchers). There was no significant different among levels in the age of special-training begins, and there was no significant correlation between the age of special-training begins and pitching velocity. Conclusion: Earlier special-training will not result in better envelopment of pitching. Suggestion: Start special-training at the right moment will decrease the risk of injury due to the premature training and overtraining.

並列關鍵字

age ； training year ； special-training ； pitching velocity

參考文獻

湯文慈、陳書瑋（2010）。日本少棒、青少棒組織與發展現況。中華體育季刊，24(1)，179-191。doi:10.6223/qcpe.2401.201003.2020

黃俊傑、鐘德文（2007）。我國青少年棒球運動推展現況之探討。大專體育，89，137-141。doi:10.6162/SRR.2007.89.22

龔榮堂、林華韋（2004）。國民小學棒球運動推展現況分析與建議。大專體育，75，80-83。doi:10.6162/SRR.2004.75.13

Buckley, P. S., Bishop, M., Kane, P., Ciccotti, M. C., Selverian, S., Exume, D., et al. (2017). Early single-sport specialization: A survey of 3090 high school, collegiate, and professional athletes. Orthopedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 5(7). doi:10.1177/2325967117703944

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棒球啟訓年齡之探討－以桃園市四級球隊為例

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