不同競賽水平柔道選手在心理技能、心理韌性與正念傾向之差異

目的：本研究旨在探討柔道選手心理技能、心理韌性與正念傾向之間的關係，並比較不同競賽水平之柔道選手在心理技能、心理韌性與正念傾向之差異。方法：本研究採橫斷性研究設計，共招募187位大專公開組柔道選手（男生119位，女生68位），並依過去運動競技成績區分成三組不同競賽水平組別（國際級、國家級、區域級）。以自我報告方式測量了參與者的心理技能、特質心理韌性以及正念傾向。結果：一、除心理技能之「可教導性」構面分別與心理技能之「自信心」構面和正念傾向間未發現相關之外，其餘心理技能、心理韌性與正念傾向之間均呈現顯著正相關；二、在心理技能上發現，國際級在總量表得分、「專注」與「自信心」構面顯著高於國家級、區域級，在「動機」與「壓力處理」構面顯著高於區域級；三、在心理韌性上發現，國際級在總量表與所有構面均全面顯著高於區域級；四、在正念傾向上發現，國際級顯著高於國家級、區域級，同時國家級也顯著高於區域級。結論：本研究結果顯示心理技能、心理韌性與正念傾向之間的關係同樣存在於柔道選手，且高層級選手在這些面向上擁有更加優異的心理能力。此結果意味著提升柔道選手心理能力的重要性，故未來研究可進一步探究心理介入對柔道選手心理能力之影響。

關鍵字

技擊運動；心理能力；心理技能訓練；正念訓練

並列摘要

Purpose: The present study examined relationship between psychological skills, mental toughness, and dispositional mindfulness in judo athletes. Continuing, comparing the differences in psychological skills, mental toughness, and dispositional mindfulness among judo athletes with different sporting levels. Methods: One hundred and eighty-seven college judo athletes (119 males and 68 females) were recruited in this cross-sectional study. All participants were divided into three sporting levels groups (i.e., international, national, regional) that were based on self-reported achievement by participants. The athletes completed self-reported measures of psychological skills, trait mental toughness, and dispositional mindfulness. Results: The following were found under this study: (1) The significant correlations were found among almost all psychological skills, mental toughness, and dispositional mindfulness, but only ＂coachability＂ was uncorrelated separately to ＂self-confidence＂ and dispositional mindfulness; (2) in the Athletic Psychological Skills Inventory, the international level showed significantly higher scores in total score, ＂focus,＂ and ＂self-confidence＂ scales compared with national and regional levels, and significantly higher scores in ＂motivation＂ and ＂stress management＂ scales compared with regional level; (3) in the Trait Mental Toughness Inventory for Sport, the international level showed significantly higher scores in all the scales compared with the regional level; (4) in Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the international level showed significantly higher score compared with national and regional levels, and the national level also showed significantly higher score compared with regional level. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the relationship between psychological skills, mental toughness, and dispositional mindfulness are also found in judo athletes, and athletes who in higher sporting level show superior mental abilities, which implicates the importance of improvement in mental abilities of judo athletes. The effect of psychological intervention on mental ability of judo athletes could be examined in future studies.

並列關鍵字

combat sports ； mental ability ； psychological skill training ； mindfulness training

參考文獻

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