從香港拒絕入境案例論國際法之違反

香港在英國人的統治下近一世紀之久，在允諾香港實施「一國兩制」之下，香港《基本法》第五條明文規定「香港特別行政區不實行社會主義制度和政策，保持原有的資本主義制度和生活方式，五十年不變」，於1997 年7 月1 日回歸中國。然而，香港主權移交中共後，其自由度與經濟榮景不再，中國國務院更於2013 年6 月10 日對港提出白皮書，說明「一國兩制」下，中共對港有全面管治權力，對於港之高度自治權，中共也具有監督權力。其中，最令港人憂心的莫過於中共政治力量的強力介入，欲破壞香港近百年以來引以為傲的三權分立原則與法治精神，香港自由法治至此岌岌可危。本文以香港拒絕入境案例，討論其行為違反國際法之問題。

關鍵字

香港；司法獨立；司法覆核；入境；國際法之違反；急迫理由

並列摘要

After British’s 100-year ruling of Hong Kong and based on the principle of “one country, two systems”, along with the Article 5 of the Hong Kong Basic Law providing that “the socialist system and policies shall not be practised in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, and the previous capitalist system and way of life shall remain unchanged for 50 years”, Hong Kong has been returned to China on July 1st, 1997. However, after the the freedom and economic prospect has simultaneously diminished. According to the White Paper proposed by the PRC State Council on June 10th, 2013, it states that the Communists party shall have comprehensive right in governing Hong Kong and the party shall also have the supervisory power toward the autonomy of Hong Kong under the principle of “one country, two systems”. Moreover, what’s most worried by the Hong Kong people is the political intervention of the Communist party which has been sabotaging the balance of powers and the rule of law long enjoyed by the people. This article will use the cases concerning several refusals of entry to prove that the Communist party’s conducts has violated international law.