高速公路大型廣告物設置位置對大客車駕駛者視覺與駕駛行為影響之模擬分析

Simulation Analysis of the Impact of Roadside Advertising on Bus Drivers' Visual and Driving Behavior on Freeways

張建彥(Chien-Yen Chang) ； 林天信(Tien-Shin Lin)

《中華管理學報》 11卷3期 (2010/09) Pp. 43-65

https://doi.org/10.30053/CHJM.201009.0003

摘要

近年來大客車事故已成為國內交通安全之重要課題，依據歷年國內大客車A1類之交通事故發生原因分析，大部分是駕駛者分心所導致。國內高速公路兩側之大型廣告物看板（「T霸」）為高速公路常見的設施，對於駕駛者而言屬於重現性的事件，當車輛經過時可能會不斷地誘使駕駛者觀看而產生視覺分心，從而影響行車安全。因此，如何針對此事件之視覺分心影響程度進行研究，並提出相關的交通管理規範，或發展相關的安全防護系統，乃成為大客車安全改善的重要課題。本研究整合大客車駕駛模擬器與頭部臉部即時追蹤系統，針對大型廣告物之設置位置對於駕駛者視覺及駕駛行為之影響進行模擬分析，探討此一車外事件導致駕駛者行車分心之程度。研究結果顯示，大型廣告物之橫向距離設置愈近主線車道，造成受測者視覺分心的影響程度愈高，使得受測者的瞥視比例、瞥視頻率、瞥視時間、兩車間距之標準差與感知反應時間變大，此乃因大型廣告物屬於瞥視時間短、瞥視頻率多的事件，一旦瞥視頻率變多，即會對駕駛者之駕駛行為反應產生衝擊，進而影響其對前車事件的感知反應能力。整體而言，本研究結果可作為國內高速公路大型廣告物設置影響之研究參考。

關鍵字

大客車 ； 大型廣告物 ； 視覺分心 ； 駕駛模擬器 ； 頭部臉部即時追蹤系統

並列摘要

In recent years, bus accident has become an important traffic problem in Taiwan. According to road traffic accident statistics, driver distraction is one major cause of bus A1 accidents. The roadside advertising object (T-Bar with commercial advertisements) is one recurrent event usually happening on the freeway systems in Taiwan. The object usually attracts drivers to watch the commercial advertisements posted on it and may cause drivers' visual distraction. Therefore, it is essential to study the impact of road advertising on bus drivers and provide the related traffic management measures or safety protection systems. This study integrates a bus driving simulator and the faceLAB system to analyze the impact of roadside advertising on bus drivers' visual and driving behavior on freeways. Results show that the nearer the location of a roadside advertising object to the freeway the higher the impact of the object on bus drivers' glance percentage, glance frequency, glance duration, perception-reaction time, and the standard deviation of the gap between the lead vehicle and the following bus. It also indicates that the location of the roadside advertising object can influence bus drivers' visual reaction and driving behavior because the object is a recurrent event which has short glance duration but high glance frequency characteristics. To sum up, the results of this study will provide a helpful basis on the management of roadside advertising objects on freeways.

並列關鍵字

Bus ； Roadside Advertising ； Visual Distraction ； Driving Simulator ； faceLAB System