「故鄉」：記往與想像的敘事學－論張文環文學之梅山地區書寫

曾位居1940年代文壇中心的臺灣日語作家張文環，停筆多年後以日文寫作《地に這うもの》，並在1975年於東京出版。這部長篇小說中的世界有著清楚的空間與時間定位，作者創作之初亦具有書寫「臺灣人三部曲」的歷史記實性意圖。然而其中事件發生的時間常見前後矛盾，而重要設定與情節多來自張文環戰前創作的小說；主角人物性格過於平板，陪襯人物的篇幅比例卻過高；殖民歷史的重要事件未見描寫，僅見個人式的感嘆與回顧。但這樣的失誤與偏移，卻是跨越日文、中文二種「國語」語境的《地に這うもの》，在面對臺灣與日本二種讀者群之際，所映照出的後帝國、後殖民情境中，再現「歷史」與「記憶」的艱難。

關鍵字

張文環；梅山；《地に這うもの》；帝國主義；後殖民主義；歷史小說

並列摘要

After stopping writing for years, Taiwan's Japanese language writer Chou Bunkan, who was considered a focal point in the literary arena of the 1940s, wrote a Japanese language novel A Crawling Man and published in Tokyo in 1975. This full-length novel showed clear spatial and temporal settings. The author also had the intention for creating a historical description of ”Taiwanese trilogy” during the early stage of writing. However, several problems could be identified in this novel. Firstly, the chronological orders of historical events were often contradictory in the text, and some important settings and plots were mainly derived from Chou Bunkan's novels written during the pre-war era. Secondly, the portrayal of main characters' personalities was one-dimensional, while the length proportion of supporting characters was too high. Thirdly, some significant historical events during the Japanese-colonial period were not depicted, which made the novel a personal nostalgia at large. Given these flaws and displacement, A Crawling Man, a work that strides across the ”national language” of Japanese and Mandarin, demonstrated the difficulties to represent ”history” and ”memory” in the post-war and post-colonial contexts when encountering both Taiwanese and Japanese readers.