層累造成的歷史記憶－「蔴荳王爺易狩他鄉」傳說之探討

本文從後現代史學的研究視角，探討「蔴荳王爺易狩他鄉」傳說在三個階段的演變歷程，分析其歷史記憶的形成、變異與增累，指出傳說情節雖有虛構之處，但其呈現倒風內海的地理環境、放流王船的習俗、水堀頭的興衰、麻豆迎香祭的盛況等都是事實，同樣具有歷史價值。其次，這則傳說是麻豆人的集體記憶，有不少內容與文獻記載相符，但地方內部不同人群的歷史記憶仍存有一些差異。三者，這則傳說在不同階段增加各種情節，乃因應麻豆與北門的權力互動關係而來，此一層層積累與變異的過程，也反映麻豆人族群與社區的認同意識。最後，從傳說的演變歷程可看見歷史記憶如何在不同時空的社會文化體系下被創造出來，從而理解歷史的本質及其形成過程。

關鍵字

歷史記憶；麻豆；南鯤鯓；王爺信仰；敗地理傳說

並列摘要

The study is to investigate the processes of evolution and change of the legend of the ＂location change of Madou Wang-Ye＂ in 3 phases with a point of view of postmodern historical science. The formation, variation and accumulation of the historical memory were analyzed. The results indicate that though the plots of the legend contain fictional parts, the legend also tells the facts about the geographical environment of Daofeng inland sea, the folk custom of sending Wang-Ye's ship floating, the ups and downs of Shuikutou, and the prosperity of festival of Wang-Ye in Madou, so it still has historical value. Second, the legend is a part of the collective memory of local people in Madou. Most part of its content is in conformity with the descriptions in literature, but there are still some differences among different communities and groups of local people concerning historical memories. Third, new plots were added to the legend in different phases, and this is because of the interaction of powers between the town of Madou and the area near Beimen. The processes of layer-accumulating and variation also show the sense of recognition of the group of people and community in Madou. Last, we can see how historical memories are created under the context of social and cultural systems in different times and places through the process of evolution and change of legends, and we may further understand the real nature of history and the process of its formation.