血與字－美援至解嚴期間臺灣小說中的「漢學家之戀」

六○年代初期至八○年代中後期，臺灣小說出現不少以「漢學家」為題材的作品，我認為這投射臺灣社會在特殊歷史脈絡下，主體認同問題。在美援文化與戒嚴政治體制所形構的語境裡，當「中國」變成「理論」，學術工作便成為在臺灣尋找「中國性」的策略，通過學科實踐寄寓認同依歸。由此，小說文本催生兩組角色：美國男性學者，與旅美華裔學者。國族意識並與性別議題掛鉤，轉換為情愛角力，開展漢學家的「華美婚戀」敘事。美國男性學者與華人女性的婚戀關係，具現知識／性別的雙重殖民；旅美華裔學者則在「血」與「字」的混種／斷根危機下，透過跨時空／跨地域的文化翻譯，企圖以「學術救國」，贖回過去、譜寫未來。本文以兼攝兩組漢學家戀情的女作家聶華苓、歐陽子、陳若曦的小說為主要考察材料，探討知識生產如何與性別、國族夾纏共構，盼能藉由將「漢學家」敘事問題化，開啟臺灣小說研究新向度。

關鍵字

中國；美援；華美婚戀；漢學；漢學家

並列摘要

From the 1960s to the mid- to late-1980s, a large number of Taiwanese novels dealt with the theme of ＂Sinologists＂. This trend reflected issues of identity in postwar Taiwanese society, marked by distinctive historical contexts such as U.S-Aid culture and the Lifting of Martial Law. Owing to American imperial forces and cross- Strait oppositional systems, ＂Chinese＂ has become a ＂theory＂, and doing academic research has become a Taiwan-specific strategy in the search for ＂Chineseness＂. Thus, these narrative texts spawned two groups of roles - American male academics and Chinese American scholars - while presenting their relationships with a third group - Chinese women. National identity becomes mixed with gender issues, and romantic affairs become political arenas. While liaisons between American academics and Chinese women represent the double-colonization of gender and knowledge, those between Chinese American scholars and Chinese women show the complex struggle to negotiate the notions of ＂blood＂ and ＂words＂ across time and space, in an attempt to ＂rescue the nation via academia.＂ This article investigates the narratives by Nie Hualing, Ouyang Zi and Chen Ruoxi, whose works are representative of such problematic power-knowledge structures. By analyzing the concept of ＂Sinology＂ and its relation to romantic affairs, this article hopes to create a new approach to researching Taiwanese fiction.