溝通技巧：如何與老人失智症者保持和諧之關係

Communication-How to Maintain a Harmonious Relationship with Dementia Elderly

李宗派(Isaiah C. Lee)

《臺灣老人保健學刊》 1卷2期 (2005/12) Pp. 1-14

https://doi.org/10.29797/TJGHR.200512.0001

摘要

本文主要目的係討論溝通技巧，將其焦點放在如何與老人失智症者保持和諧之關係。第一部份將介紹溝通之概念為人們彼此分享共同的、彼此交換訊息、彼此參與互動、建立和諧之關係。第二部份說明溝通目的、要促進人們彼此之瞭解、更要在助人專業上或志工服務上達成協助一個面臨生活困境或身心疾苦之個人解決問題。強調助人專業者在其助人溝通之互動過程中，必須記住助人者與求助者雙方之不同角色認知與心理狀態。更要注意老人案主或失智老人之溝通障礙與特殊狀況。第三部份分析彼此互動之溝通，說明發信者與收信者在溝通時所面臨之困擾，如何瞭解彼此之意圖。第四部份說明非口語與口語溝通之方式以及應注意之要點。第五部份將探討照顧者與老人失智症者之溝通方法並分析老人失智症者在早期面臨之溝通困難，其溝通能力喪失的不同階段，早期、中期與晚期之溝通能力喪失之特徵以及如何與老人失智症者之溝通技巧，並使老人瞭解照顧者之溝通意向，要如何維持照顧者之專業溝通原則。第六部份建議促進溝通之原則與技巧可改善彼此之關係。在結論中建議照顧者與老人案主或老人失智症者都要接受適當的溝通技巧訓練與實際生活操作才能達成良好之溝通與保持彼此之和諧關係。

關鍵字

收信者 ； 老人失智症 ； 發信者 ； 溝通 ； 照顧者

並列摘要

The purposes of this paper are to discuss the special communication skills and to focus upon how to maintain a harmonious relationship with dementia elderly. The first part will discuss the concept of communication as the art and tool of sharing information and mutual interaction for establishing a good working relationship. The second part will explain the purposes of communication in order to enhance mutual understanding for professional staff and volunteers to help their clients solve their difficult problems. The third part will analyze the communication skills and interaction between messenger sender and receiver. It will also analyze the blockage and problems of communication. The fourth part will explain the skills of verbal and non-verbal communication. The fifth part will discuss ways of communication between caregiver and the dementia elderly, the communication problems encountered by the elderly patients during the different stages of their illness and how to maintain the professional principles and ethics of communication. The sixth part will present a list of principles and skills for professional and volunteers to use in their daily work with dementia elderly. The paper will conclude that both caregiver and dementia elderly need to receive adequate training of communication skills in order to maintain a harmonious relationship in their daily interaction.

並列關鍵字

Caregiver ； communication ； dementia elderly ； message receiver ； message sender