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智能障礙老年人使用抗精神疾病用藥之趨勢分析

Trends in the Use of Psychotropic Drugs in Elderly People with Intellectual Disability in Taiwan

摘要


目的:精神疾病是智能障礙者最常合併症之一,需透過長期藥物來穩定治療,然而國內對其相關研究卻相當缺乏。本研究目的在探討智能障礙老年人使用抗精神疾病用藥之趨勢改變情形。方法:使用1997-2007年全民健康保險資料庫,擷取ICD-9編碼為317-318之智能障礙者編碼,在串聯醫令檔後篩選65歲(含)以上智能障礙長者作為本研究之樣本,探討是否使用抗精神病藥物、抗焦慮與鎮靜安眠劑、抗憂鬱劑與精神興奮藥等藥品與變化趨勢。結果:整體抗精神系統疾病用藥使用盛行率自1997年34.39%逐年增加為2007年的37.05%,11年間上升7.18%(p=0.0036)。除重度重度、極重度個案與投保地為鄉村之個案外,其他變項之變化趨勢均達統計學上之差異。抗焦慮與鎮靜安眠藥之使用逐年遞減;抗精神病藥物、抗憂鬱劑與精神興奮藥之使用率則逐年增加。具精神病診斷而使用抗精神系統疾病用藥之情形亦逐年增加。結論:本研究介紹智能障礙老年人抗精神系統疾病藥使用之變化趨勢,釐清個人基本特質與用藥盛行率趨勢改變之相關性。建議往後研究可以針對長期使用抗精神系統疾病藥對智能障礙者身體健康之影響。

並列摘要


This study aims to examine trends in outpatient psychotropic drug use among elderly people with intellectual disabilities in Taiwan. The NHI outpatient medication records between January 1, 1997 and December 31, 2007 for people age 65 and older with intellectual disabilities were analyzed to observe the percent change, prevalence and prescription trends in psychotropic drugs. The overall prevalence of psychotropic medication increased from 34.39% to 37.05% during the study period. The prescription rates of antipsychotics increased from 24.67% to 38.55% (p<0.001); hypnotics/sedatives decreased from 86.09% to70.00% (p<0.001); antidepressants increased from 24.15% to 43.61% (p<0.001) and psychostimulants increased from19.16 % to 23.25% (p=0.0137). The change of Taiwan's NHI payment policy might have attributed to this trend.

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