台灣常見降血脂中草藥之文獻探析

高血脂症（hyperlipidemia）為血中的總膽固醇濃度偏高、三酸甘油酯濃度偏高、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度偏高，以及高密度脂蛋白膽固醇濃度偏低等其中任一個異常情況。高血脂症雖然沒有明顯症狀，卻和心臟血管疾病息息相關。目前降血脂的西藥以statin類為主要治療藥物，但有研究指出，statin類的藥物可能會造成記憶受損、肌肉痠痛、糖尿病等後遺症。治療高血脂症的中草藥種類繁多，其藥理作用是藉由中藥裡所含的酚類、皂苷類、生物鹼類、黃酮類、油類、多醣類等成分，來達到降血脂目的。中草藥降血脂的機轉主要有四種，包括：減少或抑制外源性脂質的吸收、減少內源性脂質的合成、促進脂質的轉運和清除、調節脂質代謝。本文整理文獻中的降血脂單味中藥如丹參、茯苓、何首烏等84種中，發現其中以活血化瘀藥最多。複方包括血府逐瘀湯、加味逍遙散等，草藥包括月見草、仙人掌、絞股藍等，在研究上均具有降血脂之功效。本文可供高血脂及其引發之相關疾病的臨床治療參考。

關鍵字

高血脂症；中藥；中藥複方；草藥

並列摘要

Hyperlipidemia is a abnormality characterized by an excess of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), or low level of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) in bloodstream. Though usually symptomless, it is highly correlated with cardiovascular diseases. Statin, the major drug to treat hyperlipidemia, has been shown to increase the risk of suffering from memory loss, muscle pain, developing diabetes in the latest medical studies. Lots of traditional Chinese medicines and Taiwanese herbs are used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. They contain phenols, saponins, alkaloids, flavones, oils polysaccharides and other compounds which can reduce abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the blood. There are four mechanisms of herbs that can reduce the blood lipids, including reducing or inhibiting the absorption of exogenous fat, reducing the syntheses of endogenous lipids, improving the lipid transportation and elimination and regulating the metabolism of fat. In this article, we review several studies and sort out 84 hypolipidemic traditional Chinese medicines, such as Dan Shen (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae), Fu Ling (Wolfiporia cocos) and He Shou Wu (Fallopia multiflora), and find out most of them belong to category of blood circulation in Chinese Medicine. During these studies, we also sort out herbs, such as evening primrose (Oenotherae Erythrosepalae Radix), cactus (Cactaceae) and Gynostemmatis Pentaphylla, and Chinese formulas, for example, Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang, Chai-Hu-Gui-Zhi-Tang, that are able to reduce the blood lipid. This review provides the clinical reference for treating hyperlipidemia and illness related.