- 期刊
澎湖宮廟普庵派法師之請神咒及其曲調
The Mediumistic Texts for Calling Gods of Po-An Hua-Su in Pen-Hu Village Temples
摘要
在澎湖的傳統聚落性宮廟裏，一些與神明相關的法事，是由神事人員法師執行，法師的派別在澎湖以普庵派居多。法事裏集結了供品祭獻、法器操弄、符咒操作與各類咒語，其中咒語的呈現手法之一，即是以演唱方式唱出。各類咒語中，請神咒是數量最多的咒語，請神咒的文詞結構以整齊的上下七字句為主，所憑藉的曲調亦是上、下樂句構成的曲調形式，在此基本曲調上作重覆，宣唱整首咒語。法師演唱的請神咒裏，綜括法師奉祀的教主、廟宇奉祀之眾神明以及其他民間信仰裏常見之神祇、官將，但咒語憑藉的曲調卻有限，依初步觀察有【普庵調】與【觀音調】，各曲調再依拍法與速度而有不同細節的內容。在請壇（請神）法事裏，乃藉由演唱諸首請神咒，以達成奉請或敬告神明的儀式目的，此外尚有一些請神咒的演唱，主要是為配合儀式裏的其他動作、手續。主祀神明的聖誕日，可說是法師負責的常年例行性法事中，最重要的節日之一，有關請神咒在各類法事裏實際的運用情形，本文即擇澎湖縣馬公市烏崁里靖海宮為例，描述該廟在主祀神明文衡聖帝聖誕日這一天，所舉行的系列法事，包括請壇、進香；安營、巡庄；操營、結界；造橋、過限與犒軍等。文中首先聚焦於請神咒，探究其曲調內容及名稱，接著描述這些請神咒在神誕慶典各類法事裏出現的情形，末了則歸納演唱請神咒之目的，以及從請神咒的演唱，觀察其所反映之儀式神眾及法師扮演的角色。
並列摘要
In the islands Pen-Hu, the affairs of the village temples are managed by the folklore belief priests, hua-su. The majority of hua-su are belong to Po-An Sect. In the process of ritual, the group of hua-su have to sing the mediumistic texts.Among the varied texts, the text for calling gods is the most important one. Every god and spirit has his own text. The text is composed of several paragraphs, and each paragraph includes two sentences. The melody of the text is also based on two sentences. Through the repeating of melodic pattern, all the texts are chanted. There are many gods, spirits in the rituals; however, there are just two kinds of melodic patterns, that is, Po-An-Tiau, the melodic pattern Po-An, and Kuan-In Tiau, the melodic pattern Kuan-In. Owning to the change of speed and beat, each melodic pattern develop several kinds of tunes.The anniversary of the prime god is the most important day in village temple. In this day, the group of hua-su execute a series of rituals, incIuding Chheng-Tuan, Chin-Hiun, An-Iang, Chau-Iang, Keh-Kai, Cho-Kio, Kue-Han, Kho-Kun. In this article, I will take the example of village temple Chin-Hai, describing the execution of texts for calling gods in these rituals, discussing the melodic patterns, and concluding the intention and meanings for chanting these mediumistic texts.