東、西魯凱群歌謠旋律比較初探－以霧台部落和東興部落為例

A Preliminary Comparative Research of Ballads between East Tribe and West Tribe of Rukai-An Example of Songs of Wudai Village and Dongsing Village

劉克浩(Ke-Hau Liu)

《臺灣音樂研究》 19期 (2014/10) Pp. 67-87

摘要

魯凱族有六個方言系統，從語言學者的研究得知，西魯凱群霧台部落與東魯凱群東興部落方言是來自霧台方言。假如霧台部落與東興部落有共同方言系統，那麼過去還未分別遷徙前必然有共同的生活圈，其生活圈必然包括語言的使用、社會習俗、文化信仰、歌謠內容的各項內容。本文透過魯凱族方言的共同根源為依據，以屏東縣霧台部落和台東縣東興部落歌謠作為本文討論比較對象，討論其中音樂素材關係。經由歌謠分析發現以下幾點：一、結構音方面，假如共同之結構音為四音組織，那麼旋律進行之音高多為相鄰二音之進行方式。二、結構音與銜接音之間音程大多有二度音程的旋律關係。三、歌謠曲調多副調式。四、文字語音相近之意義，東魯凱多以虛詞解釋，西魯凱則有文字解釋。本文藉由觀察結構音異同分析東、西魯凱族歌謠。於此可以得知，即使地理上分為東、西兩個亞群，在歌謠上依然有相同音程、旋律線條和文字發音。但筆者不懂魯凱族語，因此在文字上也僅能就魯凱族語音大略比較，而文字意義則經由資料之翻譯，比較東、西歌謠文意之異同，無法再更進一步探討，這也是本文的限制。筆者期望本文的分析，能帶給未來有志魯凱族歌謠，提供一個研究的參考與延伸。

關鍵字

魯凱族 ； 歌謠 ； 霧台部落 ； 東興部落 ； 方言

並列摘要

There are six dialect systems for Rukai. Dialects of eastern Rukai - Dongsing tribe and western Rukai- Wudai tribe are both from Wudai dialect according to the research of linguistics. Therefore, If Wudai and Dongsing tribes both share the same dialect system, they are most certainly expected to have common life circle prior to their current settlement. In addition to that, they would probably have identical languages, social customs, cultural beliefs, or even ballads in their previous community. After looking closely at the similarities of these two Rukai tribes, the following article will be exploring the relationship of musical components between Wudai and Dongsing tribal ballads. This article provides four viewpoints from the analysis of ballads. Firstly, if the common structural notes of ballads are tetrachord, the relationship between the melodic intervals correspond to the previous and following note. Secondly, most of ballads in this paper are plagal. Thirdly, there is a 2^(nd) degree in the melody between common structural notes and connecting notes. Finally, even analogous pronunciation of words of song between Wudai village and Dongsing village have different meaning . This paper is a preliminary research of ballads between Wudai village and Dongsing village of Rukai. The comparative analysis of ballads take advantage of common structural notes for realizing musical characteristic between east and west tribe of Rukai. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the west and east Rukai ballads by looking at their common and diverse construction of the notes. We learn that even they spread out into two different branches geographically; they still share identical intervals, melody lines, and pronunciation. As the researcher myself absolutely has no knowledge of the Rukai language that I can only compare briefly on the pronunciation of the Rukai phonics. I hope this paper could possibly be available for the later development of the Rukai ballads.

並列關鍵字

Rukai ； ballad ； Wudai village ； Dongsing village ； dialect