Listening as a Way of Being: Non-Dichotomous Music Listening in the Chinese Classic Yue Ji

「非二元極化」的音樂聆聽：〈樂記〉中的感知與聆聽方式

王育雯(Yuhwen Wang)

《臺灣音樂研究》 24期 (2017/04) Pp. 1-31

摘要

Listening in a non-dichotomous mentality, in which music is heard as connected and intertwined with one’s physical and psychological experience, has been explored by many ethnomusicologists in their fieldwork, particularly in studies about trance and possession. A more encompassing mode of non-dichotomous listening has been well explored in Chinese musical classics, in which music is heard as connected not only with one’s psychosomatic reality, but also with his/her social relationships, state governance, and the natural environment. This study focuses on one of the most important early treatises, the Yue Ji (Records of Music), and explores how a non-dichotomous mentality is manifested in the intertwined connection among music, the listener’s psychosomatic experience, his/her social relationships, state governance, and the natural/cosmic world. This non-dichotomous listening is linked to the idea of ＂mutual energization＂ indicated in various classical treatises, and is further explicated through the notion of ＂coordinative/associative thinking＂ proposed by Sinologist Joseph Needham.

關鍵字

music listening ； Yue Ji ； non-dichotomy ； ganying (mutual resonance) ； coordinative thinking

並列摘要

「非二元極化」（non-dichotomous）的聆聽方式已在不少民族音樂學的研究中受到注意，特別是有關起乩與附身的調查；在其中音樂常被感知為不僅僅是聲音，更聯繫到人的身心經驗。而在漢傳統典籍中則指出了一個更加全面「非二元極化」的聆聽方式，在其中音樂不僅是與身心現象聯繫，也與社會關係、政治情形，以及天地大自然狀況密切關聯。本研究以《禮記・樂記》為對象，探索其中如何呈現「非二元極化」的聆聽，音樂經驗如何能與人的身心現象、社會關係、政治以及天地狀況都聯繫而交織在一起；而這種迥異於今日學科分類概念的聆聽方式又如何可能發生。本文援引傳統的「感應」說，以及漢學家李約瑟所指出的「協調/聯類」思維，說明這種「非二元極化的聆聽」是如何可能。

並列關鍵字

音樂聆聽 ； 樂記 ； 非二元極化 ； 感應 ； 協調思維