北管牌子的曲體探討－以《牌子集成》工乂譜為文本

Formal Analysis of Beiguan Paizi as Documented in Paizi Jicheng

林雅琇(Lin Ya-Hsiu)

《臺灣音樂研究》 24期 (2017/04) Pp. 57-91

摘要

北管牌子是臺灣北管音樂中應用廣泛的樂種之一，主要是由嗩吶與鑼鼓組成的鼓吹樂形式。有關北管牌子的曲體，在臺灣大致有兩種說法：常見將北管牌子分為單曲散牌、單曲聯章及聯套牌子三種體裁；北管樂人則根據樂曲中所含的曲牌數量，習慣以「一宮」、「三條宮」及「大宮牌子」稱之。本文立基於樂種學的理論基礎，對北管牌子進行音樂曲調型態的分析與論述，筆者以《牌子集成》收錄的工乂譜為主要文本，對其進行譯譜與分析，並旁徵其他抄本內容及采風結果，進而歸納出北管牌子的結構樣態情形。筆者從結構面向切入，以中國傳統音樂的幾種曲式結構為度，將現行北管牌子通稱的三種體裁對應於此框架，因而可知單曲散牌、單曲聯章以及聯套牌子三種體裁即是現行中國傳統音樂各樂種中常見的單牌子曲、聯牌樂曲及套曲。文中，筆者即根據牌子的三種體裁，分別論述其曲式結構的形態與特點。

關鍵字

北管牌子 ； 牌子集成 ； 曲體 ； 工乂譜

並列摘要

Beigaun paizi is a widely applied form in Taiwanese beiguan music and is usually played in the form of guchuiyue (literally drums and wind ensemble), consisting of percussions and suona. Concerning the musical forms of beiguan paizi, there are two ways of categorization in Taiwan. On the one hand, scholars often divide beiguan paizi into three types: danqu sanpai, danqu lianzhang and liantao paizi. On the other hand, beiguan performers typically classify beiguan paizi into three types according to the number of qupai contained, namely yigong, santiaogong and dagong. Using the theory of Chinese musical genre studies as the basis, this paper aims to analyze the melodic forms of beiguan paizi. It uses the gongche scores of Paizi jicheng (Collection of Paizi) as the primary sources and other handwritten manuscripts and fieldwork materials as secondary sources in order to analyze the formal structure of beiguan paizi. By comparing the structure of the three types of beiguan paizi with the several types of formal structures found in Chinese music, the author argues that the three types of beiguan paizi, namely danqu sanpai, danqu lianpai, and liantao paizi, are in fact identical with the so-called dan paizi qu, lianpai yuequ and taoqu as found in many existing musical genres in Chinese traditional music. In this paper, the author analyzes the formal structure and special features the three types of paizi in order to demonstrate the above connection.

並列關鍵字

beiguan paizi ； Paizi jicheng ； musical form ； gongche notation