形構「魅力金三角」：龍岡米干節的歌舞展演與邊區文化想像

桃園米干節自2011年開辦以來，龍岡的雲南社群利用他們居住的忠貞眷村文化，混融並彰顯其中雲南打歌、多元少數民族的飲食和慶典歌舞、以及滇緬邊區和泰北地區的多個孤軍流動歷史，為地方形塑出「異域」的傳奇色彩。另外也結合此社群位居於桃園當地「中壢－平鎮－八德」的邊區特色，共構出桃園「魅力金三角」的跨族裔形象（外省、客家、閩南、雲南等），將其開發成結合當地日常與慶典的特色產業文化。此研究分析近幾年來米干節的歌舞文化展演，從中探討在地社群如何混融他們過往與當下的邊區特色，主打潑水節與火把節的「水花火舞」體驗，展演出當地跨族裔的多元文化特質。本文進一步提出，在觀光的語境當中，可供慶典展演的多元歌舞透過「體驗文化」和觀光客互動，突顯出一個同質、可被辨識的單一「雲南」文化認同，卻也隱含來自緬甸、雲南、滇邊以及泰北等異質的雲南主體經驗，並反映出主流族群－臺灣本地人和雲南漢人－的多個強勢觀點。綜言之，米干節慶典歌舞展演的文化邏輯，呈現了多層次的空間辯證，在日常與非日常、過往與現代、以及經濟發展的族裔地景與商圈開發等多類型空間，再加上觀光情境當下的凝視與被凝視、舞臺上下的空間流通，以及龍岡之外的中和與境外緬華社群的歌舞參與，雜揉出多元共融的「異域」意象，在桃園跨族裔地景當中，形構出符合特定文化想像的「魅力金三角」。

關鍵字

雲南認同；異域；龍岡米干節；孤軍；打歌

並列摘要

This paper examines a creative process in which a Yunnan community in northern Taiwan tactically uses music and dance to perform a cross-border culture to boost local tourism. This group comprises people of different ethnicities, cultures, religions, or linguistic traditions from the Thai-Myanmar borderlands, who have later come into contact at the political, economic, social and cultural margins. Due to the contingency of historical events, they have later settled in Zhong-li, Taoyuan city, in Taiwan, since the 1950s. This study explores the conversion where, in recent years, the group has drawn on a sense of marginality in their shared past by selecting particular music and dance genres from the Thai-Myanmar borderlands to turn the marginality into an advantageous position. By adopting culturally, artistically, and technologically creative ways in this transformation, today they have successfully developed a contemporary commercial spectacular zone named ＂Enchanting Golden Triangle＂ (meili ginsanjiao). This zone has also been coined ＂exotic borderland＂ (yiyu) and has become a sought-after destination for visitors to experience. This case study draws upon the key notion in the borderland studies literature, viewing borderlands as sites enabling those dwellers to negotiate tensions. The negotiation can be often seen as exemplified in the presentations of music and dance between their quotidian routines and festival peculiarities, and by those amongst different Yunnanese ethnic cultures crossing the frontiers of Golden Triangle. However, the negotiations do not go uncontested. The demand of local economic growth based on cultural tourism has leveled the important cultural differences and contradictions within subgroups.

並列關鍵字

Yunnese identity ； exotic borderlands ； Longgang Migan Festivals ； Lost Army ； dage music and dance

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