諷喻之隱與文集之顯，歐陽修〈猛虎〉詩意蘊發微

論及黨爭與詩作間的關聯，前人多著眼於黨爭帶來的詩人之仕途起落和心境變化，及因之產生的詩歌風格的變異和如何藉由詩歌來完成自我的安頓。然喜好「議論爭煌煌」又身居宰執位的北宋士大夫歐陽修，著墨黨爭的詩作，顯出更豐富的詩歌樣態與功能。〈猛虎〉即是其中代表。其以比體諷喻意象「猛虎」來影射景祐黨爭中的敵對一方，然詩語的過於隱微，卻需借助其文集中的它詩和好友梅堯臣的同題詩作，及知人論世的史實梳理，意涵方可揭橥。此與該詩打破編年排序的位置、被有意置放於全集之首的醒目處，形成有趣反差。在抽絲剝繭地揭開該詩潛隱的語言密碼時，我們見出歐公納黨爭入詩語時的幽微心態和小心翼翼，也見出黨爭中人如何以詩作爭奪話語權、左右輿論、參構史實。此亦見出，長於微言大義筆法的歐公，不僅將含蓄以寓褒貶的寫作運用於文，亦運用於詩。

關鍵字

歐陽修；猛虎；黨爭；諷喻；文集

並列摘要

Discussing the relationship between party struggle and poetry, most of the predecessors focused on the rise and fall of the poets' official career and the change of their mood, the variation of their poetic style and how to make their self-arrangement through poetry. However, Ouyang Xiu, a scholar-official in the Northern Song Dynasty who was fond of ＂discussing and disputing the resplendence＂, displayed more abundant poetic styles and functions. Menghu is one of the representatives. He used the metaphorical image of ＂Meng Hu＂(the fierce tiger) to allude to the hostile party in Jingyou's party struggle. However, the poetry was too subtle, thus readers had to investigate other poems in his anthology and his friend Mei Yaochen's poems on the same topic, as well as the historical background in order to interpret the text. This hidden meaning contrasted with the location of the poem, for the latter broke the chronological order and was deliberately placed at the head of the collection. Uncovering the hidden language code of the poem, we can see the subtle mentality and caution of the Ouyang Xiu when he wrote party struggle in poetry. Besides, people in the party utilized poetry to fight for the right to speak, influence public opinion, and the narration of the relevant historical facts. This also showed that Ouyang Xiu, who was good at employing sublime words with deep meaning, applied implicit and meaningful writing not only to essays, but also to poetry.