“戊申，衛州籲弒其君完”考辨－以《四庫全書‧春秋類》為範圍

A Textual Study of "In the Day of Wu-shen, Zhouxu of Wei Committed Regicide on His Lord Wan." Within the Scope of the Spring and Autumn Annals, Classics, Siku Quanshu

余蕙靜(Hui-Ching Yu)

《高雄海洋科大學報》 22期 (2008/02) Pp. 145-167

https://doi.org/10.6983/KHHYKTHP.200802.0145

摘要

本文以清代紀昀等所纂《欽定文淵閣四庫全書本》‧經部一三七～一七五‧春秋類其中所收錄有關春秋經文隱公四年「戊申，衛州籲弒其君完。」的文意探討。本句經文主要提出四項重點，即戊申、稱衛、不書公子、及書弒等，各家針對此四點提出的不同看法可歸納為以下幾個部分：1.戊申：有(1)赴告，(2)國君不正，(3)史官記事之例義例；2.稱衛：(1)欲弒君自立，(2)繼位不正，(3)與魯國事做一區別；及3.不稱公子：(1)未受三命，(2)罪莊公不待以公子之道，(3)貶州籲，(4)自有義例；4.弒：各家看法均同，即殺也。本文即針對歧見之處，分析歸納各家註解之說，並對照《春秋》經文其他歷史資料，將三類分歧見解還原其真正意涵，得出三點結論，即1.「戊申」為事件發生的時間，2.「稱衛」是為了要與魯國的事情做一區分，3.不稱州籲為公子，是為了要貶州籲之意，同時借此以廓清自漢代以降，經文為後代學者誤讀之例。

關鍵字

四庫全書 ； 春秋 ； 戊申

並列摘要

There have been various views held by scholars in the section of Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu) in Classics (jing), Siku Quanshu on the connotation of the sentence ”In the year of Wu-shen, Zhouxu of Wei committed regicide on his lord Wan.” The major differences in interpretation lies in four categories: 1. the meaning of ”Wu-shen”; 2. the mention of Wei; 3. the truth that Zhouxu's being the Duke's son not mentioned; and 4. the use of the word ”regicide” (shi)'s. Most of the scholars corroborate their own views by the following three considerations: the stylistic rules governing the writing of the Annals, that Confucius based his record on immediate obituaries, and that Confucius made appraisals of people in his Annals.
This article summarizes annotations made by different schools down to the Qing Dynasty in comparison to passages in the Spring and Autumn Annals related to the sentence under analysis with am aim to clarify the real meaning of the above-mentioned sentence as well as to dispel misinterpretations of various sorts by scholars from the Han Dynasty onward.

並列關鍵字

Siku Quanshu ； Spring and Autumn Annals Chunqiu ； Wu-shen